At a Glance
Brussels: References & Edit History
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Additional Reading
General description
Hans Von Stahlborn (comp.), Baedekerâs Brussels, rev. ed., trans. from German (1987), is a useful handbook. Martin Dunford and Phil Lee, The Rough Guide to Brussels, new ed. (2009), offers general touristic information.
Discussions of the language issue are found in the classic works Elizabeth Sherman Swing, Bilingualism and Linguistic Segregation in the Schools of Brussels (1980); Els Witte and Hugo Baetens Beardsmore, The Interdisciplinary Study of Urban Bilingualism in Brussels (1987); and Alexander B. Murphy, The Regional Dynamics of Language Differentiation in Belgium (1988). Later works on this issue include Jeanine Treffers-Daller, Mixing Two Languages: French-Dutch Contact in Comparative Perspective (1994); Fred Guldentops, Pascale Mistiaen, and Christian Kesteloot, The Spatial Dimensions of Urban Social Exclusion and Integration: The Case of Brussels, Belgium (2001); and Christian Dessouroux, Espaces partagés, espaces disputés: Bruxelles, une capitale et ses habitants (2008).
Among the literatureâmostly of a critical natureâon the impact of European integration on the city and region of Brussels are Alex G. Papadopoulos, Urban Regimes and Strategies: Building Europeâs Central Executive District in Brussels (1996), which studies Brusselsâs EC and EU installations; Carola Hein, The Capital of Europe: Architecture and Urban Planning for the European Union (2004), and European Brussels: Whose Capital? Whose City? (2006); Marie-Françoise Plissart and Gilbert Fastenaekens, Change: Brussels, Capital of Europe (2006); and Roel de Groof (ed.), Brussels and Europe (2009).
History
Historical surveys include Paul de Ridder, Brussels: History of a Brabantine City, trans. from Dutch (1990); Arlette Smolar-Meynart and Jean Stengers (eds.), La RĂ©gion de Bruxelles: des villages dâautrefois Ă la ville dâaujourdâhui (1989), a look at the transformation of Brussels from a collection of villages to an urban agglomeration; and Georges-Henri Dumont, Histoire de Bruxelles: biographie dâune capitale, new ed. (2005), an outstanding historical study. Janet L. Polasky, Revolution in Brussels, 1787â1793 (1987), studies in detail the period of the French Revolution and its influence on the city. Catherine Labio, Belgian Memories (2002), contains an essay on the remaking of Brusselsâs landscape.
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
- Theo Jozef Hermans
- Alex Papadopoulos
- Louis Verniers
-
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.
Other Contributors
- Hugh van Skyhawk
Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors
Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deleted Web site: Official Tourism Site of Brussels, Belgium. | Jul 03, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Official Tourism Site of Brussels, Belgium. | Jul 03, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Official Site of Brussels Capital-Region, Belgium. | Mar 28, 2025 | ||
| Cross-reference added. | Nov 10, 2023 | ||
| Population updated. | Aug 26, 2022 | ||
| Corrected display issue. | Aug 17, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: Organization of World Heritage Cities - Brussels, Belgium. | Apr 03, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: Official Tourism Site of Brussels, Belgium. | Oct 20, 2019 | ||
| Media added. | Jun 09, 2016 | ||
| Population updated. | Mar 22, 2016 | ||
| Updated to mention the March 22, 2016, terrorist attacks. | Mar 22, 2016 | ||
| Add new Web site: Maps of World - Brussels, Belgium. | Dec 28, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Official Site of the City of Brussels, Belgium. | Dec 28, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Official Tourism Site of Brussels, Belgium. | Dec 28, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: GlobalSecurity.org - Brussels. | Dec 28, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: JewishEncyclopedia.com - Brussels, Belgium. | Dec 28, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Jewish Virtual Library - Brussels, Belgium. | Dec 28, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Sacred Destinations - Brussels, Belgium. | Dec 28, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Lonely Planet - Brussels, Belgium. | Dec 13, 2012 | ||
| Clarified the primary languages of the city. |
|
May 21, 2012 | |
| History section thoroughly revised and updated. | Sep 16, 2010 | ||
| Character of the city, Landscape, People, Economy, Administration and society, and Cultural life sections thoroughly revised and updated. | Sep 16, 2010 | ||
| Added new Web site: Official Site of Office de Promotion du Tourisme de Wallonie et de Bruxelles. | Aug 07, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - Geography - Geography of Brussels. | Jul 11, 2008 | ||
| Updated to mention administrative changes. | May 06, 2008 | ||
| Updated history. | May 06, 2008 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | May 06, 2008 | ||
| Population data updated. | Jul 13, 2007 | ||
| Article revised. | Apr 17, 2003 | ||
| Article revised. | Apr 26, 2002 | ||
| Article revised. | May 11, 2001 | ||
| Article revised. | Jan 12, 2000 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 20, 1998 |
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