At a Glance
Alexandria: References & Edit History
More Articles On This Topic
- Al-Iskandariyyah
- ancient EgyptThe Ptolemies (305–145 bce)
- Alexander the GreatConquest of the Mediterranean coast and Egypt
- Alexander the GreatEvaluation of Alexander the Great
- Byzantine EmpireChristological controversies
- Byzantine EmpireThe successors of Heraclius: Islam and the Bulgars
- Caracalla
- educationFrom the beginnings to the 4th century
- St. Cyril of Alexandria
- Dinocrates
- Khosrow IIExpansion of the empire
- Ptolemy II PhiladelphusInfluence
- spice trade
Additional Reading
Mostafa El-Abbadi, The Life and Fate of the Ancient Library of Alexandria, 2nd ed., rev. (1992), is an insightful analysis of the famous library’s role in the internationalization of knowledge. Roy MacLeod (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World (2000), contains interesting articles about literature, philosophy, and education in ancient Alexandria. P.M. Fraser, Ptolemaic Alexandria, 3 vol. (1972, reissued 2001), is a voluminous study of the social and cultural life of the ancient metropolis. Jean-Yves Empereur and Stéphane Compoint, Alexandria Rediscovered (1998; originally published in French, 1998), is a superbly illustrated study of the Classical city based on 20th-century archaeological finds within the city and offshore. Michael J. Reimer, Colonial Bridgehead: Government and Society in Alexandria, 1807–1882 (1997), is a study of the demographic and political dynamics that led to the establishment of colonial rule. E.M. Forster, Alexandria: A History and a Guide (1922, reissued 1986), is a classic guide to the city that describes it as it was in the 1920s. Robert Ilbert, Alexandrie, 1830–1930: histoire d’une communauté citadine, 2 vol. (1996), is a profound social history of Alexandria that focuses on the rise and fall of the municipality and the foreign communities it represented. Robert Ilbert, Ilios Yannakakis, and Jacques Hassoun (eds.), Alexandria, 1860–1960: The Brief Life of a Cosmopolitan Community (1997; originally published in French, 1992), is a useful study of the city’s multiethnic and multicultural fabric.
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
-
J. Alan Mackie
Freelance writer.
- Michael J. Reimer
- Mary Rowlatt
Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors
Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Add new Web site: Heritage History - Alexander's City. | Jun 01, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: ABC listen - Late Night Live - Facial recognition and privacy. Alexandria: The city that changed the world. | Nov 07, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Al Jazeera - Alexander, Alexandria, and a tribute to a great Egyptian city. | Jun 21, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Ancient Origins - What Made Alexandria the Intellectual Capital of the Ancient World? | Mar 28, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Ancient Alexandria and the dawn of medical science. | Mar 31, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: JewishEncyclopedia.com - Alexandria, Egypt. | Feb 19, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Jewish Virtual Library - Alexandria, Egypt. | Dec 21, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: World History Encyclopedia - Alexandria, Egypt. | Sep 03, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: UNESCO Silk Roads Programme - Alexandria, Egypt. | Apr 05, 2022 | ||
| Removed media. | Sep 28, 2021 | ||
| Corrected display issue. | Feb 08, 2019 | ||
| Add new Web site: Social Studied for Kids - Ancient Alexandria. | Jan 15, 2019 | ||
| Add new Web site: Ancient Egypt Online - Alexandria, Egypt. | Jan 15, 2019 | ||
| Media added. | Jun 22, 2016 | ||
| Add new Web site: Tour Egypt - Alexandria, Egypt. | Dec 13, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: JewishEncyclopedia.com - Alexandria, Egypt. | Dec 13, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: History World - History of Alexandria. | Dec 13, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: ArchNet - Alexandria, Egypt. | Dec 13, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Fact Monster - World - Alexandria, Egypt. | Jul 01, 2011 | ||
| Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - History - Alexandria. | Nov 13, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Hellenic Electronic Center - The role of Alexandria in the Mediterranean. | Sep 19, 2008 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Jun 03, 2008 | ||
| Bibliography revised and updated. | Jun 03, 2008 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Jun 03, 2008 | ||
| Article revised. | Apr 12, 2002 | ||
| Article revised. | Nov 09, 2001 | ||
| Article revised. | Mar 02, 2001 | ||
| Article revised. | Oct 18, 1999 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Aug 09, 1999 |
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