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Aleppo
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View of densely packed buildings in Aleppo, Syria, with the historic Citadel of Aleppo, a large stone fortress, visible on a mound in the background. Aleppo, Syria Stone ruins of the south facade of the martyrium at Qal'at as-Sim'an, also known as the Church of Saint Simeon, with arches and partial walls near Aleppo, Syria.
When was the ancient citadel of Aleppo built?
Aleppo, Syria: citadel gate Aleppo, Syria: citadel's Throne Room Map showing the Ottoman Empire at its greatest extent, with the empire highlighted in orange stretching across southeastern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, including Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, and parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Lighter orange areas indicate tributary and vassal states surrounding the core territory. Major cities such as Constantinople, Cairo, Baghdad, and Mecca are labeled, along with surrounding bodies of water like the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, and Red Sea. Syrian Civil War: Aleppo Baghdad Railway People gather and perform ablutions in the courtyard of the Great Mosque of Aleppo, with the mosque's domed fountain and tall minaret visible under a clear sky.
At a Glance
View of densely packed buildings in Aleppo, Syria, with the historic Citadel of Aleppo, a large stone fortress, visible on a mound in the background.
Aleppo summary
Quizzes
Tower Bridge over the Thames River in London, England. Opened in 1894. Remains an Important Traffic Route with 40,000 Crossings Every Day.
Guess the City by Its River Quiz
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Aleppo: References & Edit History

Article Contributors

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  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

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Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Modified link of Web site: UNESO World Heritage Convention - Ancient City of Aleppo. Sep 09, 2026
Add new Web site: Academia - The Centrality of Aleppo and its environs (PDF). Mar 01, 2025
Added cross-reference. Dec 06, 2024
Media added. Dec 02, 2024
Updated the discussion of Aleppo in the Syrian Civil War. Dec 02, 2024
Add new Web site: Getty - The Destruction of Aleppo: The impact of the Syrian war on a world heritage city. Jul 16, 2024
Link added. Jan 25, 2023
Add new Web site: JewishEncyclopedia.com - Aleppo. Jan 10, 2023
Add new Web site: BBC News - Profile: Aleppo, Syria's second city. Jul 14, 2022
Updated the discussion of fighting in Aleppo during the Syrian Civil War. Jul 28, 2020
Add new Web site: UNESO World Heritage Convention - Ancient City of Aleppo. May 03, 2019
Add new Web site: Lonely Planet - Aleppo, Syria. Apr 13, 2014
Add new Web site: The Catholic Encyclopedia - Aleppo, Syria. Aug 05, 2013
Add new Web site: Jewish Virtual Library - Aleppo. Aug 05, 2013
Media added. May 08, 2013
Article revised and expanded. May 08, 2013
Map showing the location of Aleppo added. Dec 29, 2010
Media added. Apr 23, 2009
Media added. Jun 11, 2008
Article revised and updated. Sep 07, 2006
Article revised. Mar 16, 1999
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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