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6 Questions About DNA Answered
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Artist's conception of the DNA double helix Diagram of a DNA double helix showing its twisted ladder structure, with a close-up of the sugar-phosphate backbone, paired nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine), and labeled nucleotides and hydrogen bonds. Diagram illustrating the process of protein synthesis: DNA unzips in the nucleus, messenger RNA (mRNA) forms on the DNA strands, and then mRNA moves to a ribosome where transfer RNA (tRNA) helps assemble amino acids into a protein chain. A step-by-step diagram shows donor DNA and vector DNA cut with restriction enzymes to create overhangs, mixed and sealed with ligase to form recombinant DNA, which is introduced into bacterial cells. The recombinant DNA replicates as the cells divide, producing clones.
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6 Questions About DNA Answered: Media

Important questions asked and answered, briefly.
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Artist's conception of the DNA double helix
© ktsdesign/Shutterstock.com
DNA; human genome
The human genome is made up of approximately three billion base pairs of deoxyribonucleic...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
DNA and protein synthesis
DNA in the cell nucleus carries a genetic code, which consists of sequences of adenine...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Recombinant DNA
Steps involved in the engineering of a recombinant DNA molecule.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.