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Photos

Detail from School of Athens by Raphael

Portrait of Niccolo Machiavelli by Santi di Tito shows Machiavelli in black and red robes, holding a document, against a plain background.

Oval portrait painting of John Locke, wearing a long dark wig and formal 17th-century attire, with a white cravat, set against a dark background.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

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international relations constitution nation-state sovereignty utopia city-state church and state citizenship Bantustan superpower political party interest group political machine political culture regime political action committee Political philosophy Progressivism in the 21st century democracy fascism

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