How did Napoleon Bonaparte gain political power in France in 1799?

Napoleon Bonaparte gained political power in 1799 through the Coup of 18–19 Brumaire, a parliamentary maneuver that overthrew the Directory and established the Consulate.123

Facing political instability and a desire for a more secure governing structure, a group of revisionist politicians led by Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès sought a military leader to support a coup against the existing constitution. Although Napoleon was not their initial choice, he was enlisted following his return from the Egyptian campaign.452

On November 9–10, 1799 (18–19 Brumaire), the plotters moved the legislative councils to Saint-Cloud under the pretext of a Jacobin plot to place them under the intimidation of Bonaparte’s troops. When the legislature resisted, military force was used to clear the halls. A rump of the councils subsequently decreed the end of the Directory and the creation of a new government. While the coup was initially intended to be a parliamentary transition, Napoleon quickly sidelined his co-conspirators to emerge as the First Consul and the dominant authority in France.2514