How did German storm troops attack Allied defenses in 1918?

In 1918, German storm troops (Sturmtruppe) utilized innovative tactics designed to bypass the stalemate of trench warfare and achieve deep infiltration of Allied lines. Their offensive strategy relied on the following key elements:12

• Intense, Brief Bombardment: Instead of prolonged artillery barrages, the Germans employed short, extremely intensive bombardments using a mix of high explosives, poison gas, and smoke shells. These were calculated mathematically to achieve surprise without the need for registration rounds, effectively incapacitating Allied forward trenches and obscuring observation posts.12
• Creeping Barrage: Following the initial bombardment, a lighter artillery barrage moved forward at a walking pace, providing cover for the advancing infantry.1
• Infiltration and Bypassing: The storm troops were organized into small, self-contained, and highly disciplined units. Rather than attacking strongpoints head-on, they used "fire-and-movement" tactics to filter between enemy positions, bypassing resistance to penetrate deep into the Allied rear.12
• Decentralized Command: These elite shock divisions operated with a high degree of autonomy, allowing them to maintain momentum and exploit gaps in the defense without waiting for orders from rear headquarters.12