Greco-Turkish War

The Greco-Turkish War of 1921–1922 was a military conflict between Greece and Turkey. Following World War I, Greece attempted to expand its territory into eastern Thrace and the region of Smyrna (now İzmir) in Anatolia, as assigned by the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920.1

Despite lacking adequate equipment and having vulnerable supply lines, the Greek army launched an offensive in Anatolia against the Turkish nationalists. Although initially repulsed, the Greeks renewed their attack and advanced significantly. However, the Turkish forces, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, defeated the Greeks at the Sakarya River in August–September 1921. The following year, Turkish forces recaptured Smyrna and expelled the Greeks from Anatolia.1

This conflict concluded with the Treaty of Lausanne in July 1923, which established the modern borders of Turkey. Greece was required to return eastern Thrace and other territories, and both nations agreed to a population exchange.12