First Anglo-Afghan War

The First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–1842) was one of three conflicts where Great Britain, based in India, aimed to increase its influence over Afghanistan and counter Russian expansion.1

The war began when the British, concerned about Dost Mohammad Khan's potential hostility or inability to resist Russian influence, invaded Afghanistan. Their objective was to restore the exiled ruler, Shah Shuja, to the throne. Although the British initially captured Kandahar and installed Shuja in Kabul, the Afghan people resisted foreign occupation and imposed rule. Insurrections erupted, and Dost Mohammad Khan led a rebellion against the British. Despite initial successes, he eventually surrendered and was deported to India.1

The British found their position untenable and began a withdrawal from Kabul in January 1842. This retreat turned into a disaster, with heavy casualties inflicted by Afghan forces. Although British troops briefly reoccupied Kabul, the decision was made to evacuate Afghanistan. Dost Mohammad Khan later returned to Kabul and was reinstated as ruler.1