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councils of Lyon, 13th and 14th ecumenical councils of the Roman Catholic Church. In 1245 Pope Innocent IV fled to Lyon from the besieged city of Rome. Having convened a general council attended by only about 150 bishops, the Pope renewed the church’s excommunication of the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II and declared him deposed on the four counts of perjury, disturbing the peace, sacrilege, and suspicion of heresy. During the council the Pope also...