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Battle of Cowpens, battle in the American Revolution fought on January 17, 1781, a brilliant American victory over a British force on the northern border of South Carolina that slowed General Charles Cornwallis’s campaign to invade North Carolina. British casualties were estimated at about 600, whereas the Americans lost only 72. Following the American victory over loyalists at the Battle of Kings Mountain, Cornwallis shifted his forces from North Carolina to a winter encampment at...