Religious Figures & Scholars, HIN-JAP
Discover the influential religious figures and scholars whose teachings, writings, reforms, and example have shaped belief, practice, and spiritual life across traditions.
Religious Figures & Scholars Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Hinn, Benny
Benny Hinn is a televangelist, faith healer, and author known for his “miracle crusades” that are held in major......
Hinsley, Arthur
Arthur Hinsley was an English Roman Catholic cardinal and fifth archbishop of Westminster who was an outspoken......
Hippolytus of Rome, Saint
Saint Hippolytus of Rome ; Western feast day August 13, Eastern feast day January 30) was a Christian martyr who......
Hiram
Hiram, Phoenician king of Tyre (reigned 969–936 bc), who appears in the Bible as an ally of the Israelite kings......
Hirata Atsutane
Hirata Atsutane was a Japanese thinker, systematizer, and leader of the Restoration Shintō (also known as Fukko......
Hirsch, Samson Raphael
Samson Raphael Hirsch was a major Jewish religious thinker and founder of Trennungsorthodoxie (Separatist Orthodoxy),......
Hirsch, Samuel
Samuel Hirsch was a religious philosopher, rabbi, and a leading advocate of radical Reform Judaism. He was among......
Hobart, John Henry
John Henry Hobart was a U.S. educator, publisher, author, and bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church whose emphasis......
Hodge, Charles
Charles Hodge was a conservative American biblical scholar and a leader of the “Princeton School” of Reformed,......
Hofbauer, St. Clement Mary
St. Clement Mary Hofbauer ; canonized May 20, 1909; feast day March 15) was a Roman Catholic missionary priest......
Hofmeister, Sebastian
Sebastian Hofmeister was a Swiss religious Reformer who was a prominent figure in the debates of the early Reformation.......
Holdheim, Samuel
Samuel Holdheim was a German rabbi who became a founder and leader of radical Reform Judaism. His theological positions......
Hong Xiuquan
Hong Xiuquan was a Chinese religious prophet and leader of the Taiping Rebellion (1850–64), during which he declared......
Honorius
Honorius (II) was an antipope from 1061 to 1064. As bishop of Parma (c.. 1045), he opposed the church reform movement......
Hontheim, Johann Nikolaus von
Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim was a historian and theologian who founded Febronianism, the German form of Gallicanism,......
Hooker, Richard
Richard Hooker was a theologian who created a distinctive Anglican theology and who was a master of English prose......
Hooks, Benjamin L.
Benjamin L. Hooks was an American jurist, minister, and government official who was executive director of the National......
Hopkins, Mark
Mark Hopkins was an American educator and theologian of whom U.S. President James A. Garfield, a former student,......
Hopkins, Samuel
Samuel Hopkins was an American theologian and writer who was one of the first Congregationalists to oppose slavery.......
Hort, Fenton J A
Fenton J. A. Hort was an English New Testament scholar who produced, with Brooke Foss Westcott, a major critical......
Hoshea
Hoshea, in the Old Testament (2 Kings 15:30; 17:1–6), son of Elah and last king of Israel (c. 732–724 bc). He became......
Hosius Of Córdoba
Hosius Of Córdoba was a Spanish bishop of Córdoba who, as ecclesiastical adviser to Emperor Constantine I, was......
Hosius, Stanislaus
Stanislaus Hosius was a Polish cardinal, one of the most significant figures of the Counter-Reformation. Consecrated......
Hoskyns, Sir Edwyn Clement, 13th Baronet
Sir Edwyn Clement Hoskyns, 13th Baronet was an Anglican biblical scholar and theologian. Educated at Jesus College,......
Hubert Walter
Hubert Walter was an archbishop of Canterbury, papal legate, justiciar of King Richard I of England, and chancellor......
Huet, Pierre-Daniel
Pierre-Daniel Huet was a French scholar, antiquary, scientist, and bishop whose incisive skepticism, particularly......
Hugh of Cluny, Saint
Saint Hugh of Cluny ; canonized 1120; feast day April 29) was a French abbot of the Benedictine monastery of Cluny......
Hugh of Lincoln, Little Saint
Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln ; feast day August 27 [suppressed]) was a legendary English child martyr who was supposedly......
Hugh of Lincoln, St.
St. Hugh of Lincoln ; canonized 1220; Anglican feast day November 16) was a French-born bishop of Lincoln, England,......
Hugh of Saint-Cher
Hugh of Saint-Cher was a French cardinal and biblical commentator best known for his work in correcting and indexing......
Hugh of Saint-Victor
Hugh of Saint-Victor was an eminent scholastic theologian who began the tradition of mysticism that made the school......
Hughes, John
John Hughes was the first Roman Catholic archbishop of New York, who became one of the foremost American Roman......
Hui-neng
Hui-neng was the sixth great patriarch of Zen (Ch’an in Chinese) Buddhism and founder of the Southern school, which......
Hui-yüan
Hui-yüan was a celebrated early Chinese Buddhist priest who formed a devotional society of monks and lay worshipers......
Humbert of Silva Candida
Humbert of Silva Candida was a cardinal, papal legate, and theologian whose ideas advanced the 11th-century ecclesiastical......
Huntingdon, Selina Hastings, Countess of
Selina Hastings, countess of Huntingdon was a central figure in the evangelical revival in 18th-century England,......
Hus, Jan
Jan Hus was the most important 15th-century Czech religious reformer, whose work was transitional between the medieval......
Huxley, Thomas Henry
Thomas Henry Huxley was an English biologist, educator, and advocate of agnosticism (he coined the word). Huxley’s......
Huynh Phu So
Huynh Phu So was a Vietnamese philosopher, Buddhist reformer, and founder (1939) of the religion Phat Giao Hoa......
Hyginus, St.
St. Hyginus ; feast day January 11) was the pope from about 136 to about 140. Hyginus had been a philosopher, possibly......
Héloïse
Héloïse was the wife of the theologian and philosopher Peter Abelard, with whom she was involved in one of the......
Hélyot, Hippolyte
Hippolyte Hélyot was a French historian and Franciscan friar whose greatest work provides the definitive and most......
Hādī, al-
al-Hādī was the fourth caliph of the ʿAbbāsid dynasty (reigned 785–786). Al-Hādī’s persecution of the ʿAlids, representatives......
Hōjō Masako
Hōjō Masako was the wife of Minamoto Yoritomo (1147–99), the first shogun, or military dictator, of Japan. She......
Hōnen
Hōnen was a Buddhist priest and the founder of the Pure Land (Jōdo) Buddhist sect of Japan. He was seminal in establishing......
Ibn Abī al-Rijāl, Aḥmad
Aḥmad Ibn Abī al-Rijāl was a Yemeni scholar and theologian, who is the best source of historical information on......
Ibn Abī ʿAṣrūn
Ibn Abī ʿAṣrūn was a scholar who became a leading Shāfiʿī (one of the four schools of Islamic law) theologian and......
Ibn al-Jawzī
Ibn al-Jawzī was a jurist, theologian, historian, preacher, and teacher who became an important figure in the Baghdad......
Ibn Bābawayh
Ibn Bābawayh was an Islamic theologian, author of one of the "Four Books" that are the basic authorities for the......
ibn Daud, Abraham ben David Halevi
Abraham ben David Halevi ibn Daud was a physician and historian who was the first Jewish philosopher to draw on......
ibn Ezra, Abraham ben Meir
Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra was a poet, grammarian, traveller, Neoplatonic philosopher, and astronomer, best known......
Ibn Kathīr
Ibn Kathīr was a Muslim theologian and historian who became one of the leading intellectual figures of 14th-century......
Ibn Taymiyyah
Ibn Taymiyyah was one of Islam’s most forceful theologians, who, as a member of the Ḥanbalī school founded by Aḥmad......
Ibn Tūmart
Ibn Tūmart was a Berber spiritual and military leader who founded the al-Muwaḥḥidūn confederation in North Africa......
Ibn ʿAbbād
Ibn ʿAbbād was an Islamic theologian who became the leading mystical thinker of North Africa in the 14th century.......
Ibn ʿAqīl
Ibn ʿAqīl was an Islamic theologian and scholar of the Ḥanbalī school, the most traditionalist of the schools of......
Ibn Ḥazm
Ibn Ḥazm was a Muslim litterateur, historian, jurist, and theologian of Islamic Spain, famed for his literary productivity,......
Ibrāhīm, Saʿd al-Dīn
Saʿd al-Dīn Ibrāhīm is an Egyptian American professor and civil rights activist known for his vocal criticism of......
Ieronymos II
Ieronymos II is the archbishop of Athens and all Greece (from 2008) and head of the Orthodox Church of Greece.......
Ignatius of Antioch, St
St. Ignatius of Antioch ; Western feast day October 17; Eastern feast day December 20) was the third bishop of......
Illich, Ivan
Ivan Illich was an Austrian philosopher and Roman Catholic priest known for his radical polemics arguing that the......
Inge, William Ralph
William Ralph Inge was a British divine, Christian Platonist, and dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral, London. He was......
Inglis, Charles
Charles Inglis was a Canadian clergyman and educator who became the first Anglican bishop of Nova Scotia. Inglis......
Innitzer, Theodor
Theodor Innitzer was a cardinal and primate of Austria who withdrew his original support of the Nazi regime and......
Innocent
Innocent (III) was the last of four antipopes (1179–80) during the pontificate of Alexander III. A member of a......
Innocent I, Saint
Saint Innocent I ; feast day July 28) was the pope from 401 to 417, who condemned Pelagianism, a heresy concerning......
Innocent IV
Innocent IV was one of the great pontiffs of the Middle Ages (reigned 1243–54), whose clash with Holy Roman emperor......
Innocent Veniaminov, Saint
Saint Innocent Veniaminov ; canonized Oct. 6, 1977) was the most famous Russian Orthodox missionary priest of the......
Ireland, John
John Ireland was the first archbishop of St. Paul; head of the liberal Roman Catholic clergy who promoted the integration......
Irenaeus, St
St. Irenaeus ; Western feast day June 28; Eastern feast day August 23) was the bishop of Lugdunum (Lyon), an Apologist,......
Irving, Edward
Edward Irving was a Church of Scotland minister whose teachings became the basis of the religious movement known......
Isaac
Isaac, in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) book of Genesis, the second of the patriarchs of Israel, the only son......
Isaac of Antioch
Isaac of Antioch was a Syrian writer, probably a priest of an independent Syrian Christian church and author of......
Isaac of Nineveh
Isaac of Nineveh, was a Syrian bishop, theologian, and monk whose writings on mysticism became a fundamental source......
Isaac Of Stella
Isaac Of Stella was a monk, philosopher, and theologian, a leading thinker in 12th-century Christian humanism and......
Isaac the Great, St.
St. Isaac the Great ; Western feast day September 9; Eastern feast day November 20 (or 25); Armenian feast day......
Isaiah
Isaiah was a prophet after whom the biblical Book of Isaiah is named (only some of the first 39 chapters are attributed......
Ishmael
Ishmael, son of Abraham through Hagar, according to the three great Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity,......
Ishmael ben Elisha
Ishmael ben Elisha was a Jewish tanna (Talmudic teacher) and sage who left an enduring imprint on Talmudic literature......
Isidore Of Kiev
Isidore Of Kiev was a Greek Orthodox patriarch of Russia, Roman cardinal, Humanist, and theologian who strove for......
Isidore of Sevilla, St
St. Isidore of Sevilla ; canonized 1598; feast day April 4) was a Spanish theologian, archbishop, and encyclopedist......
Ismāʿīl Shahīd, Muḥammad
Muḥammad Ismāʿīl Shahīd was an Indian Muslim reformer who attempted to purge Indian Islam from idolatry and who......
Isserles, Moses ben Israel
Moses ben Israel Isserles was a Polish-Jewish rabbi and codifier who, by adding notes on Ashkenazic customs to......
Ivo of Chartres, Saint
Saint Ivo of Chartres ; feast day May 23) was the bishop of Chartres who was regarded as the most learned canonist......
Jablonski, Daniel Ernst
Daniel Ernst Jablonski was a Protestant theologian who worked for a unification of Lutherans and Calvinists. Jablonski......
Jackson, Sheldon
Sheldon Jackson was an American Presbyterian minister and educator, generally regarded as the foremost apostle......
Jacob
Jacob, Hebrew patriarch who is considered the traditional ancestor of the Twelve Tribes of Israel. He is renamed......
Jacob ben Asher
Jacob ben Asher was a Jewish scholar whose codification of Jewish law was considered standard until the publication......
Jacob Joseph Of Polonnoye
Jacob Joseph Of Polonnoye was a rabbi and preacher, the first theoretician and literary propagandist of Jewish......
Jacob of Edessa
Jacob of Edessa was a distinguished Christian theologian, historian, philosopher, exegete, and grammarian, who......
Jacob Of Serugh
Jacob Of Serugh was a Syriac writer described for his learning and holiness as “the flute of the Holy Spirit and......
Jacobus De Voragine
Jacobus De Voragine was the archbishop of Genoa, a chronicler, and the author of the Golden Legend. Jacobus became......
Jakes, T.D.
T.D. Jakes is an American nondenominational bishop, author, and speaker who founded The Potter’s House, a Dallas......
James the Less, St
St. James the Less ; Western feast day May 3; Eastern feast day October 9) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus.......
James, Henry
Henry James was an American philosophical theologian, the father of the novelist Henry James and the philosopher......
James, St
St. James ; Western feast day May 3; Eastern feast day October 23) was a Christian apostle, according to St. Paul,......
James, St
St. James ; Roman Catholic feast day July 25; Eastern Orthodox feast day April 30) was one of the Twelve Apostles,......
Jansen, Cornelius Otto
Cornelius Otto Jansen was a Flemish leader of the Roman Catholic reform movement known as Jansenism. He wrote biblical......
Januarius, Saint
Saint Januarius ; feast day September 19) was the bishop of Benevento and patron saint of Naples. He is believed......
Japheth
Japheth, one of the three sons of Noah in the Bible. According to the tradition of the “Priestly” source of the......