Lawyers, Judges & Jurists, GIN-KAV
Discover the lawyers, judges, and jurists whose arguments, rulings, and legal thought have shaped courts, constitutions, and the meaning of justice.
Lawyers, Judges & Jurists Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader
Ruth Bader Ginsburg was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1993 to 2020. She was......
Giuliani, Rudy
Rudy Giuliani is an American lawyer and politician who served as mayor of New York City (1994â2001). He was especially......
Glanville, Ranulf de
Ranulf de Glanville was the justiciar or chief minister of England (1180â89) under King Henry II who was the reputed......
Glueck, Sheldon; and Glueck, Eleanor
Sheldon Glueck and Eleanor Glueck were American criminologists and researchers at Harvard Law School. This husband-and-wife......
Goddard, Rayner Goddard, Baron
Rayner Goddard, Baron Goddard was the lord chief justice of England from 1946 to 1958. Seldom lenient but always......
Goldberg, Arthur J.
Arthur J. Goldberg was a labor lawyer who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1962â65) and......
Gonzales, Alberto R.
Alberto R. Gonzales is an American lawyer, judge, and was the attorney general of the United States (2005â07),......
Gorst, Sir John Eldon
Sir John Eldon Gorst was a lawyer and politician whose reorganization of the British Conservative Party at the......
Gorsuch, Neil
Neil Gorsuch associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 2017. Gorsuch was nominated by Republican......
Grace, Nancy
Nancy Grace is an American legal current-affairs commentator and outspoken champion of victimsâ rights, perhaps......
Gray, Horace
Horace Gray was a justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, 1881â1902. Admitted to the bar in 1851, Gray practiced law......
Greener, Richard Theodore
Richard Theodore Greener was an attorney, educator, and diplomat who was the first African American graduate of......
Gregory Bovino
Gregory Bovino is an American law enforcement official who spent most of his career working for the United States......
Grier, Robert C.
Robert C. Grier was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1846â70). Educated at home, Grier......
Grimthorpe, Edmund Beckett, 1st Baron
Edmund Beckett, 1st Baron Grimthorpe was an English lawyer and horologist notorious in his day for his disputatious......
Grotius, Hugo
Hugo Grotius was a Dutch jurist and scholar whose masterpiece De Jure Belli ac Pacis (1625; On the Law of War and......
Grove, Sir William Robert
Sir William Robert Grove was a British physicist and a justice of Britainâs High Court (from 1880), who built the......
Guilfoyle, Kimberly
Kimberly Guilfoyleâs rĂ©sumĂ© is eclectic, to say the least. CSelected in 2025 as U.S. Pres. Donald Trumpâs ambassador......
Guiteau, Charles J.
Charles J. Guiteau was a lawyer and aspiring politician who assassinated Pres. James A. Garfield. Guiteau, who......
Gény, François
François GĂ©ny was a French law professor who originated the libre recherche scientifique (âfree scientific researchâ)......
Haldane, Richard Burdon, 1st Viscount Haldane of Cloan
Richard Burdon Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane of Cloan was a Scottish lawyer, philosopher, and statesman who instituted......
Hale, John Parker
John Parker Hale was an American lawyer, senator, and reformer who was prominent in the antislavery movement. Educated......
Hale, Sir Matthew
Sir Matthew Hale was one of the greatest scholars on the history of English common law, well known for his judicial......
Hamilton, Andrew
Andrew Hamilton was a British American colonial lawyer, judge, and public official who defended John Peter Zenger......
Han Feizi
Han Feizi was the greatest of Chinaâs Legalist philosophers. His essays on autocratic government so impressed Qin......
Hand, Learned
Learned Hand was an American jurist whose tough and sometimes profound mind, philosophical skepticism, and faith......
Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, 1st earl of, Viscount Royston
Philip Yorke, 1st earl of Hardwicke was an English lord chancellor, whose grasp of legal principle and study of......
Harlan, John Marshall
John Marshall Harlan was a U.S. Supreme Court justice from 1955 to 1971. He was the grandson of John Marshall Harlan,......
Harlan, John Marshall
John Marshall Harlan was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1877 until his death and......
Harrison, Benjamin
Benjamin Harrison was the 23rd president of the United States (1889â93), a moderate Republican who won an electoral......
Hart, H.L.A.
H.L.A. Hart was an English philosopher, teacher, and author who was the foremost legal philosopher and one of the......
Hart, Oliver
Oliver Hart is a British-born American economist who, with Bengt Holmström, was awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize for......
Harvard, John
John Harvard was a New England colonist whose bequest permitted the firm establishment of Harvard College. John......
Hatton, Sir Christopher
Sir Christopher Hatton was a favourite of Queen Elizabeth I and lord chancellor of England from 1587 to 1591. After......
Hauriou, Maurice-Jean-Claude-EugĂšne
Maurice-Jean-Claude-EugĂšne Hauriou was a French political scientist and educator whose theoretical work on public......
Hays, Arthur Garfield
Arthur Garfield Hays was an American lawyer who defended, usually without charge, persons accused in many prominent......
Hays, Paul R.
Paul R. Hays was an American judge best known for his participation in the tribunal that ruled on the Pentagon......
Healey, Maura
Maura Healey is an American Democratic politician who made history in 2022, when she became the first woman to......
Henry II
Henry II was the duke of Normandy (from 1150), count of Anjou (from 1151), duke of Aquitaine (from 1152), and king......
Henry, Patrick
Patrick Henry was a brilliant orator and a major figure of the American Revolution, perhaps best known for his......
Hewart, Gordon Hewart, 1st Viscount
Gordon Hewart, 1st Viscount Hewart was the lord chief justice of England from 1922 to 1940. A scholar of University......
Hickok, Wild Bill
Wild Bill Hickok was an American frontiersman, army scout, and lawman who helped bring order to the frontier West.......
Higgins, Alexander Pearce
Alexander Pearce Higgins was an English international lawyer and expert in maritime law. Called to the bar in 1908,......
Hill, Anita
Anita Hill is an American attorney and educator who garnered national attention for her testimony in the 1991 Senate......
Hill, Matthew Davenport
Matthew Davenport Hill was a British lawyer and penologist, many of whose suggested reforms in the treatment of......
Hill, Oliver
Oliver Hill was an African American attorney and prominent civil rights activist, best known for his outspoken......
Hills, Carla Anderson
Carla Anderson Hills is an American lawyer and public official who served in both domestic and international capacities......
Hinojosa, Gina
Gina Hinojosa, who in 2026 became the first Hispanic person elected as governor of Texas and the first woman elected......
Hirschi, Travis
Travis Hirschi was an American criminologist known for his social-control perspective on juvenile delinquency and......
Hitler, Adolf
Adolf Hitler was the leader of the Nazi Party (from 1920/21) and chancellor (Kanzler) and FĂŒhrer of Germany (1933â45).......
Hlothere
Hlothere was the king of Kent in Anglo-Saxon England. He was the son of Erconberht and brother of Egbert, whom......
Hoar, Ebenezer R.
Ebenezer R. Hoar was an American politician, a leading antislavery Whig in Massachusetts who was briefly attorney......
Hogg, Douglas McGarel, 1st Viscount Hailsham of Hailsham
Douglas McGarel Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham of Hailsham was a British lawyer and politician, a prominent member......
Holder, Eric
Eric Holder is an American lawyer who was the first African American to serve as U.S. attorney general (2009â15).......
Holland, Sir Erskine
Sir Erskine Holland was an English legal writer and teacher of international law whose outstanding work, Elements......
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr.
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, U.S. legal historian and......
Hooks, Benjamin L.
Benjamin L. Hooks was an American jurist, minister, and government official who was executive director of the National......
Hoover, J. Edgar
J. Edgar Hoover was a U.S. public official who, as director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from 1924......
Hopkinson, Francis
Francis Hopkinson was an American lawyer, musician, author, member of the Continental Congress, and signer of the......
Hortensius Hortalus, Quintus
Quintus Hortensius Hortalus was a Roman orator and politician, Ciceroâs opponent in the Verres trial. Delivering......
Hotman, François
François Hotman was a French jurist and one of the most learned of humanist scholars, who took a leading part in......
Houston, Charles Hamilton
Charles Hamilton Houston was an American lawyer and educator instrumental in laying the legal groundwork that led......
Howard, John
John Howard was an English philanthropist and reformer in the fields of penology and public health. On his fatherâs......
Huber, Eugen
Eugen Huber was a Swiss jurist and author of the Swiss civil code of 1912. In 1880 Huber became a professor of......
Hughes, Charles Evans
Charles Evans Hughes was a jurist and statesman who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the......
Humphreys, West Hughes
West Hughes Humphreys was a federal judge, the only U.S. government official impeached for supporting the secession......
Hunt, Ward
Ward Hunt was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1873â82). Admitted to the bar in 1831, Ward......
Hyde, Charles Cheney
Charles Cheney Hyde was a U.S. attorney and authority on international law who was an early advocate of vesting......
Hywel Dda
Hywel Dda was a chieftain called in the prologues to the Welsh lawbooks âking of all Wales.â This epithet was indeed......
Ibn កazm
Ibn កazm was a Muslim litterateur, historian, jurist, and theologian of Islamic Spain, famed for his literary productivity,......
Ine
Ine was an Anglo-Saxon king of the West Saxons, or Wessex, from 688 to 726. One of the most powerful West Saxon......
Iredell, James
James Iredell was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1790â99). At the age of 17 Iredell was......
Irnerius
Irnerius was one of the scholars who revived Roman legal studies in Italy and the first of a long series of noted......
Jackson, Howell E.
Howell E. Jackson was an American lawyer and associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1893â95). Jackson......
Jackson, Ketanji Brown
Ketanji Brown Jackson is an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 2022. She is the first......
Jackson, Robert H.
Robert H. Jackson was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1941â54). An adept scholar, Jackson......
Jaitley, Arun
Arun Jaitley was an Indian lawyer, politician, and government official who served as leader of the Bharatiya Janata......
James I
James I was the king of Scots from 1406 to 1437. During the 13 years (1424â37) in which he had control of the government,......
James, Letitia
Letitia Ann James grew up in Brooklyn and is one of eight children, born to a mother who worked as a cleaner and......
Jarrett, Valerie
Valerie Jarrett is an American lawyer, businesswoman, and politician who was a senior adviser (2009â17) to U.S.......
Jaworski, Leon
Leon Jaworski was an American lawyer who rose to national prominence on Nov. 5, 1973, when he was sworn in as Watergate......
Jay, John
John Jay was a Founding Father of the United States who served the new nation in both law and diplomacy. He established......
Jefferson, Thomas
Thomas Jefferson was the draftsman of the Declaration of Independence of the United States and the nationâs first......
Jeffreys, George Jeffreys, 1st Baron
George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys was an English judge notorious for his cruelty and corruption. He presided......
Jellinek, Georg
Georg Jellinek was a German legal and political philosopher who, in his book Die sozialethische Bedeutung von Recht,......
Jessel, Sir George
Sir George Jessel was a jurist considered one of the greatest English trial judges in equity. It is said that Jessel,......
Jewell, Richard
Richard Jewell was an American security guard and former suspect in the Atlanta Olympic Games bombing of 1996.......
Jex-Blake, Sophia Louisa
Sophia Louisa Jex-Blake was a British physician who successfully sought legislation (1876) permitting women in......
Johnson, Mike
Mike Johnson is an American lawyer and Republican politician who became the speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives......
Johnson, Reverdy
Reverdy Johnson was a constitutional lawyer, U.S. senator from Maryland (1845â49, 1863â68), attorney general under......
Johnson, Thomas
Thomas Johnson was an American Revolutionary War leader, the first governor of Maryland (1777â79), and an associate......
Johnson, William
William Johnson was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1804 who established the practice......
Jordan, Vernon
Vernon Jordan was an American attorney, civil rights leader, business consultant, and influential power broker.......
JuĂĄrez, Benito
Benito JuĂĄrez was president of Mexico from 1861 to 1872. For three years (1864â67), he fought against foreign occupation......
Kagan, Elena
Elena Kagan is an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 2010. Kagan, the daughter of......
Kallas, Kaja
Kaja Kallas is an Estonian politician, the former prime minister of Estonia (2021â24), and the highest ranking......
Kantorowicz, Hermann
Hermann Kantorowicz was a German teacher and scholar whose doctrine of free law (Freirechtslehre) contributed to......
Karki, Sushila
Sushila Karki is a Nepali lawyer, judge, and politician who served as the first female chief justice of Nepal (2016â17)......
Kaufman, Irving Robert
Irving Robert Kaufman was a U.S. judge who presided over the celebrated case of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg in 1951......
Kavanaugh, Brett
Brett Kavanaugh is an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court who was nominated by Pres. Donald Trump and confirmed......