Zygmunt Krasiński

Zygmunt Krasiński (born February 19, 1812, Paris, France—died February 23, 1859, Paris) was a Polish Romantic poet and dramatist whose works dealt prophetically with the class conflict that would engender Russia’s October Revolution.

The son of a leading aristocratic family, Krasiński studied law at Warsaw University before taking up studies in Geneva in 1829. He lived most of his life abroad and published his work anonymously. The conflict of loyalty arising from his father’s support of Russian imperialism and his own desire for Poland’s independence occupies a central position in Krasiński’s thought.

Krasiński’s reputation rests primarily on two tragic dramas. In Nieboska komedia (1835; The Undivine Comedy) he presents a future struggle between the masses and the privileged that represents the first literary expression of class war. In his second important play, Irydion (1836; Eng. trans. Irydion)—the story of a Greek named Irydion who seeks vengeance on imperial Rome—Krasiński denies the validity of hatred as a source of righteous action.

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Poetry: First Lines

Krasiński’s best-known poem, Przedświt (1843; “The Moment Before Dawn”), was an inspiration to his countrymen in trying times. It pictures Poland’s partition as a sacrifice for the sins of the entire world but optimistically predicts Poland’s resurrection and emergence as a world leader because of its sacrifice.