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Ziya Pasha (died 1880) was a significant figure in 19th-century Turkish literature, known for his role in modernizing the literary idiom. He was instrumental in founding the influential journal Tasvir-i Efkâr alongside İbrahim Şinasi and Namık Kemal. Ziya Pasha translated Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Émile, which became a popular text for intellectuals. He also wrote poetry that reflected on the conditions of Muslims and advocated for freedom of thought, democracy, and constitutionalism. While in exile, he authored the Zafername, a satire on the grand vizier, and compiled Harabat, an evaluation of Ottoman literary heritage.12

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