Wilhelm II: References & Edit History
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Additional Reading
Biographies
Lamar Cecil, Wilhelm II, 2 vol. (1989–96), is a scholarly account, which emphasizes foreign affairs. Thomas A. Kohut, Wilhelm II and the Germans: A Study in Leadership (1991), is a psychological analysis. The definitive biography is by John C.G. Röhl, Young Wilhelm: The Kaiser’s Early Life, 1859–1888 (1998; originally published in German, 1993).
The kaiser’s own writings
Ereignisse und Gestalten aus den Jahren 1878–1918 (1922; The Kaiser’s Memoirs, 1922; also published as My Memoirs, 1878–1918); My Early Life (1926); N.F. Grant (ed.), The Kaiser’s Letters to the Tsar, Copied from the Government Archives in Petrograd, and Brought from Russia by Isaac Don Levine (1920); E.T.S. Dugdale (compiler and trans.), German Diplomatic Documents, 1871–1914, 4 vol. (1928–31), contains many of the kaiser’s marginal notes.
Reminiscences
Robert Zedlitz-Trützschler, Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court, trans. by Alfred Kalisch (1924, reissued 1951; originally published in German, 1923); Anne Topham, Memories of the Kaiser’s Court (1914), as seen by his daughter’s governess; Walter Görlitz (ed.), The Kaiser and His Court: The Diaries, Note Books, and Letters of Admiral Georg Alexander von Müller, Chief of the Naval Cabinet, 1914–1918 (1961; originally published in German, 1959); Sigurd von Ilsemann, Der Kaiser in Holland: Aufzeuchnungen des Letzen Flügeladjutanten Kaiser Wilhelms II, ed. by Harald von Koenigswald, 2 vol. (1967–68).
The kaiser’s mother
Frederick Ponsonby (ed.), Letters of the Empress Frederick (1928, reissued 1930), the German edition of 1929 has an introduction by the kaiser; Roger Fulford (ed.), Dearest Child: Letters Between Queen Victoria and the Princess Royal, 1858–1861 (1964, reissued 1977), and Dearest Mama: Letters Between Queen Victoria and the Crown Princess of Prussia, 1861–1864 (1968, reissued 1977).
Descriptions of the abdication
Alfred Niemann, Kaiser und Revolution: Die entscheidenden Ereignisse im Grossen Hauptquartier, im Herbst 1918, new ed. (1928); William, Memoirs of the Crown Prince of Germany (1922); Maurice Baumont, The Fall of the Kaiser, trans. by E. Ibbetson James (1931; originally published in French, 1930).
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
- Michael Graham Balfour
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Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modified link of Web site: Heritage History - Kaiser William II. | Jun 06, 2026 | ||
| Anniversary information added. | May 31, 2026 | ||
| Revisions: substantial | Apr 14, 2026 | ||
| Anniversary information added. | Jan 23, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Alpha History - Kaiser Wilhelm II. | Jul 22, 2025 | ||
| First paragraph modernization. | Apr 16, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Heritage History - Kaiser William II. | Nov 08, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: GlobalSecurity.org - Kaiser Wilhelm II / Kaiser William II. | Oct 18, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: The History Learning Site - Biography of Wilhelm II. | Aug 08, 2018 | ||
| Add new Web site: 1914-1918-online - International Encyclopedia of the First World War - Wilhelm II. | Apr 27, 2018 | ||
| Add new Web site: Firstworldwar.com - Biography of Kaiser Wilhelm II. | Mar 29, 2018 | ||
| Changed title of the "Assessment" section to "Legacy." | Nov 15, 2017 | ||
| Added video. | Dec 17, 2014 | ||
| Added photograph. | Aug 02, 2011 | ||
| Changed "The Netherlands" to "the Netherlands." | Sep 03, 2010 | ||
| Added new Web site: British Broadcasting Corporation - Biography of Wilhelm II. |
|
May 01, 2007 | |
| Article revised. | Aug 09, 2002 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 20, 1998 |