Why is Benny Goodman’s small-group work called chamber jazz?

Benny Goodman is credited with pioneering the small-group, or "chamber jazz," ensemble, which became one of his most significant contributions to jazz history.1

The term "chamber jazz" is used to describe these small groups because they moved away from the large-scale, high-energy arrangements of big bands in favor of a more intimate, focused musical setting. By utilizing smaller lineups—such as his famous trio and later sextet—Goodman was able to reserve his most potent and innovative jazz performances for these configurations. These ensembles allowed for a greater emphasis on individual improvisation and interplay between musicians, such as the notable collaborations with Teddy Wilson, Lionel Hampton, and Charlie Christian.1