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Why did Akbar commission Persian translations of Sanskrit classics?

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Akbar A painting titled *Akbar Hunting* from a folio of *Akbarnama* (“History of Akbar”), late 16th century; in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City.

Akbar commissioned the translation of Sanskrit classics into Persian as part of his broader commitment to cultural encounter and the promotion of religious tolerance within his diverse empire.1

By encouraging these translations, Akbar fostered an environment where different traditions could interact, reflecting his interest in religions beyond Islam, such as Hinduism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism. These efforts were not merely political; they were central to his intellectual curiosity and his desire to consolidate social support across a vast and complex population.213

The resulting works, such as the Razmnama (a Persian translation of the Mahabharata), were often beautifully illustrated and shared with his courtiers, symbolizing the fusion of Indian and Persian cultural elements that defined his reign. This practice exemplified the stimulating effects of cultural exchange that Akbar championed throughout his rule.14