Which thinkers revived interest in Herbert Spencer’s ideas during the twentieth century?

During the second half of the 20th century, interest in the ideas of Herbert Spencer was revived by libertarians and like-minded thinkers. These individuals sought to utilize Spencer’s theories on social Darwinism and natural rights to construct a moral argument against the expansion of the postwar welfare state.

A prominent figure among these thinkers was the American philosopher Robert Nozick, who found value in Spencer’s emphasis on the preeminence of the individual over society.1