Which parts of the First Book of Samuel are considered pro-monarchic by biblical scholars?

Biblical scholars identify two primary, conflicting literary strands within the First Book of Samuel regarding the establishment of the monarchy: a pro-monarchic source and an anti-monarchic source.12

The pro-monarchic portions are generally considered to include:
* 1 Samuel 9:1–10:16: This passage depicts Samuel as a local seer who privately encounters and selects Saul to be king according to divine will.324
* 1 Samuel 11: This chapter describes Saul’s military victory over the Ammonites, which leads to his public acclamation as king, framing his rise as a charismatic success similar to the earlier judges.324
* Most of 2 Samuel: These sections, often referred to as the "book of David," also display a pro-monarchic bias in their content.3

In contrast, the anti-monarchic source—found in 1 Samuel 8, 10:17–27, and 12—portrays the demand for a king as a rejection of the kingship of God and a rebellion against Yahweh. Scholars suggest these conflicting accounts were intentionally preserved by the Deuteronomic historians to hold the different attitudes in tension.3521