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Which Italian territories did Pope Paul III turn into duchies for his family?
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Paul III
Paul III, contemporary medallion; in the coin collection of the Vatican Library.
In the spirit of nepotism, Pope Paul III detached the Italian cities of Parma and Piacenza from the Papal States to establish them as a hereditary duchy for his son, Pier Luigi Farnese. This action took place at a consistory held on August 19, 1545.12