Pier Luigi Farnese
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Pier Luigi Farnese was the first duke of Parma and Piacenza, ruling from 1545 to 1547. He was the son of Pope Paul III, who established the duchies by detaching them from papal dominions. Pier Luigi instituted a council of justice and a ducal chamber, conducted a census, and reduced the power of feudal lords. His son, Ottavio, succeeded him and made Parma the capital, continuing his father's work of internal consolidation. Pier Luigi's grandson, Alessandro Farnese, was a distinguished military leader who served as regent of the Netherlands for Spain.12
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