What did the Treaty of Constance of 1153 require Frederick I to promise the pope?

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Under the Treaty of Constance (1153), Frederick I made several specific promises to Pope Eugenius III:

  • He pledged not to make peace with the Roman commune, led by Arnold of Brescia, without the Pope's agreement.1
  • He promised not to make peace with the Normans without the Pope's consent.1
  • He agreed not to concede any Italian land to the Byzantine Emperor.1
  • He committed to maintaining the position and honor of the papacy (honor papatus).1

In exchange for these commitments, the Pope promised that Frederick would receive the imperial crown and that the rights of the empire would be upheld.1