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What did the Peace of Constance of 1183 grant to the Lombard cities?

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Medieval manuscript miniature showing Frederick I as a crowned crusader holding an orb and scepter, with Henry of Schaftlarn kneeling and presenting a book to him. — Frederick I Frederick I as a Crusader with (right) Henry of Schäftlarn dedicating to him a copy of the *History of the First Crusade* by Robert of St. Remy; miniature from a manuscript in the Vatican Library.

The Peace of Constance, signed in 1183, concluded the conflict between Frederick I Barbarossa and the Lombard League.

Under the terms of this agreement, the emperor retained the formal fealty of the Lombard cities; however, he granted them significant autonomy by recognizing their communal liberties and jurisdiction.1