Trajan: References & Edit History
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Additional Reading
Contemporary sources for Trajanās reign include inscriptions, coins, and the writings of Pliny the Younger, especially his speech to Trajan, the Panegyric (100 ce), and his correspondence with Trajan when he was governor of Bithynia (111ā113 ce). Ancient historical narratives include that of Dio Cassius (3rd century ce), Book LXVIII, and of Sextus Aurelius Victor (4th century ce).
The standard modern work is Roberto Paribeni, Optimus Princeps, 2 vol. (1926ā27, reprinted 1975), in Italian. The first English-language biography is Julian Bennet, Trajan: Optimus Princeps (1997). There are important insights into Trajanās reign in Ronald Syme, Tacitus, 2 vol. (1958, reissued 1997). Other useful works include F.A. Lepper, Trajanās Parthian War (1948, reissued 1993)āthe reissue includes a translation by James G. DeVoto of Arrianās Parthika; Lino Rossi, Trajanās Column and the Dacian Wars, trans. from Italian (1971); F.A. Lepper and Sheppard Frere, Trajanās Column: A New Edition of the Cichorius Plates (1988); and James E. Packer, The Forum of Trajan in Rome: A Study of the Monuments, 2 vol. (1997), also available in an abridged ed. (2002).
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Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Invalidated site: Radboud Repository - Son of two fathers? Trajan and the adoption of emperorship in the Roman Empire (PDF). | Sep 24, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Encyclopaedia Iranica - Trajan. | Jan 31, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Radboud Repository - Son of two fathers? Trajan and the adoption of emperorship in the Roman Empire (PDF). | Dec 04, 2025 | ||
| Questions and answers added. | Feb 19, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Heritage History - Trajan. | Jan 15, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: GlobalSecurity.org - Emperor Trajan (AD 53-117). | Sep 13, 2024 | ||
| First paragraph modernization. | Apr 11, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: De Imperatoribus Romanis - Trajan (A.D. 98-117). | Feb 19, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: The Roman Empire - Trajan. | Aug 10, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia - Trajan, Marcus Ulpius Nerva. | Jun 30, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Warfare History Network - Emperor Trajan of Rome. | May 05, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Roman Emperors - Biography of Trajan. | Jan 16, 2023 | ||
| Media added. | Dec 15, 2020 | ||
| Corrected display issue. | Sep 13, 2019 | ||
| Cross-references added, and Roman province of Baetica defined. | Jun 18, 2015 | ||
| Add new Web site: World History Encyclopedia - Trajan. | Jan 08, 2014 | ||
| In the introductory statement, deleted "the first to be born outside Italy." |
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Oct 25, 2011 | |
| Added a mention of Trajan's road in the province of Arabia, the Via Nova Traiana. | Nov 18, 2009 | ||
| Media added. | Apr 23, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors - Biography of Trajan. | Apr 06, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: JewishEncyclopedia.com - Trajan. | Apr 06, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: Livius - Trajan. | Apr 06, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: UNRV History - Trajan. | Apr 06, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: ThinkQuest - Biography of Trajan. | Apr 06, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: Illustrated History of the Roman Empire - Biography of Trajan. | Apr 06, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Trajan. | Apr 05, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - History - Biography of Trajan. | Nov 17, 2008 | ||
| Bibliography revised and updated. | Mar 12, 2008 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | May 27, 1999 |