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Tom Molineaux was an American boxer who fought in the early 19th century. He was a former slave who challenged the top English boxers of his time. Molineaux fought Tom Cribb twice for the championship title in 1810 and 1811. While boxing was evolving with the introduction of the Marquess of Queensberry rules, which emphasized skill and safety with padded gloves, Molineaux competed under the older London Prize Ring rules, which allowed bare-knuckle fighting. His career highlights the transition in boxing from bare-knuckle brawls to a more regulated sport.12

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