Tīmūr Shah

His son Timur remained behind as viceroy of the Punjab and married the daughter of India’s puppet emperor ʿAlamgir II. Timur was driven out in 1758 by a force of Sikhs, Mughals, and Marathas, but in 1759–61 Ahmad Shah swept the Marathas from the Punjab and destroyed…

…was succeeded by his son, Tīmūr Shah, who received but nominal homage from the tribal chieftains. Much of his reign was spent in quelling their rebellions. Because of this opposition, Tīmūr shifted his capital from Kandahār to Kabul in 1776.

…in 1757 Aḥmad Shah’s son Tīmūr, appointed governor of the Punjab, was forced to retreat from Lahore to Peshawar under the force of attacks from Sikhs and Marathas. It was only in 1760 that Aḥmad Shah returned to fight a campaign in northern India, which culminated in his defeat of…

Under Aḥmad Shah’s successor, Tīmūr Shah (ruled 1772–93), some of the territories and towns that had been taken by the Sikhs (such as Multan) were recovered, and the descendants of Aḥmad Shah continued to harbor ambitions in this direction until the end of the century. But by the 1770s…