The 13th Dalai Lama, Thub-bstan-rgya-mtsho (Tupten Gytaso; 1876β1933), ruled with great personal authority. The successful revolt within China against its ruling Qing dynasty in 1911β12 gave the Tibetans the opportunity to dispel the disunited Chinese troops, and the Dalai Lama reigned as head of a sovereign state.
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