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Thomas Venner was a leader of the Fifth Monarchy Men, an extreme Puritan sect in 17th-century England. They believed the time was near for Christ's thousand-year reign on Earth. Initially supporting Oliver Cromwell, the sect turned against him when he established the Protectorate, dashing their hopes for the rule of saints. Venner led an unsuccessful armed uprising in April 1657 and another in January 1661. He and others were executed, and the sect's distinct doctrines faded.1

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