Sir Thomas Elyot

Sir Thomas Elyot (born c. 1490—died March 26, 1546, Carleton, Cambridgeshire, Eng.) was an English author and administrator, memorable for his championship and use of English prose for subjects then customarily treated in Latin. Both as a philosopher and as a lexicographer, he endeavoured to “augment our Englysshe tongue” as a medium for ideas.

(Read H.L. Mencken’s 1926 Britannica essay on American English.)

He was clerk to the Privy Council (1523–30) and was knighted in 1530. A member of Sir Thomas More’s circle, Elyot was suspected of being out of sympathy with Henry VIII’s plan to divorce Catherine of Aragon and probably owed his lack of advancement to his friendship with More. In 1531 he published The Boke Named the Governour, dedicated to the king, and that autumn went as the king’s envoy to the court of the Holy Roman emperor Charles V.

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Elyot’s very popular Governour, a plan for the upbringing of gentlemen’s sons who were to bear authority in the realm, was the first important treatise on education in English and did much to form the later English ideal of the gentleman. His Castel of Helth was a popular regimen of health that, written in the vernacular and by a layman (although he had received some instruction in medicine), incurred censure but was widely read. His Dictionary, the first English dictionary of Classical Latin, was published in 1538. The aim of all Elyot’s works was usefulness: he brought classics and Italian authors to the general public through his translations, he provided practical instruction in his own writings, and he added many new words to the English language.