Sulaymān ibn Qutalmïsh

Sulaymān ibn Qutalmīsh was a Turkmen chieftain and the son of Qutalmīsh, a cousin of the Great Seljuq sultan Malik-Shāh. Around 1075, Sulaymān captured Nicaea and Nicomedia, threatening Constantinople. By 1080, he had established Nicaea as his capital and assumed the title of sultan, marking the beginning of independent Seljuq rule in Anatolia, known as Rūm. He expanded his territories but was killed in 1086 by his relative Tutush of the Syrian branch of the Seljuqs. The Seljuqs, originally from Central Asia, had begun moving into Anatolia in the 10th century, with their raids culminating in the decisive Battle of Manzikert in 1071, which shattered the Byzantine frontier and allowed Turkmen forces to range freely over Anatolia.1