Sir William Watson Cheyne, 1st Baronet

Sir William Watson Cheyne, 1st Baronet (born December 14, 1852, at sea off Hobart, Tasmania—died April 19, 1932, Fetlar, Shetland Islands, Scotland) was a surgeon and bacteriologist who was a pioneer of antiseptic surgical methods in Britain.

Cheyne studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, taking degrees in surgery and medicine there in 1875. In 1876 he became a house surgeon to Joseph Lister, the British scientist who founded antiseptic medicine. In 1877 he and Lister took up posts at King’s College Hospital; Cheyne served there as assistant surgeon and then surgeon (1880–1917) and also was a professor of surgery there (1891–1917). Cheyne was a devoted follower of Lister and a staunch advocate of the latter’s antiseptic surgical methods. In 1882 Cheyne published the important work Antiseptic Surgery: Its Principles, Practice, History and Results and followed this three years later with his book Lister and His Achievements (1885). The work he did in his early career on preventive medicine and on the bacterial causes of disease was strongly influenced by that of the pioneer German bacteriologist Robert Koch.

During 1900–01 Cheyne was consulting surgeon to the British military forces in South Africa. In 1914 he became a consulting surgeon to the Royal Navy, and in 1915 he served temporarily as surgeon general. He then retired from active practice and served as lord lieutenant of the Orkney and Shetland Islands from 1919 to 1930. His other published works include Manual of the Antiseptic Treatment of Wounds (1885) and Manual of Surgical Treatment, 7 vol. (1899–1903; with F. Burghard).