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SimĂłn BolĂ­var
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Simón Bolívar Map of the Americas in 1780 showing the Spanish and Portuguese viceroyalties. Spanish territories are shaded in green, including the Viceroyalty of New Spain, Viceroyalty of Peru, Viceroyalty of New Granada, and Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata. Portuguese territory, labeled as the Viceroyalty of Brazil, is shaded in purple. Borders between Spanish and Portuguese lands are marked, with amendments from 1750 and 1778 indicated. British territory is shown in the northern part of North America. Ma Francisco de Paula Santander Gen. José Antonio Påez Painting by Jose Gil de Castro of Simon Bolivar standing on a checkered floor, wearing an ornate black military uniform with gold embroidery and holding a sword. Caracas: statue of Simón Bolívar Simón Bolívar Bronze equestrian statue of General Simon Bolivar on a stone pedestal labeled Bolivar in Bolivar Square, Tunja, Colombia, with the Cathedral Basilica of St. James the Apostle behind. Simón Bolívar
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SimĂłn BolĂ­var
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SimĂłn BolĂ­var: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

An excellent Spanish-language biography of BolĂ­var is TomĂĄs Polanco AlcĂĄntara, SimĂłn BolĂ­var: ensayo de interpretaciĂłn biogrĂĄfica a travĂ©s de sus documentos, 5th ed. (2000). Biographies in English include the classic Gerhard Masur, SimĂłn BolĂ­var, 2nd ed. (1969); David Bushnell, SimĂłn BolĂ­var: Liberation and Disappointment (2004); and John Lynch, SimĂłn BolĂ­var: A Life (2006). A penetrating study of BolĂ­var’s ideas is V.A. Belaunde, BolĂ­var and the Political Thought of the Spanish American Revolution (1938; reissued 1978). An abridged translation of the recollections of one of BolĂ­var’s closest political and military aides (ends at 1826) is D.F. O’Leary, BolĂ­var and the War of Independence (1970). A slightly fictionalized biography of Manuela SĂĄenz is V.W. von Hagen, The Four Seasons of Manuela, a Biography: The Love Story of Manuela SĂĄenz and SimĂłn BolĂ­var (1952). Sources of BolĂ­var’s writings include SimĂłn BolĂ­var, Cartas del Libertador, ed. by Vicente Lecuna, 12 vol. (1929–59), the most important collection of source material for the personality of BolĂ­var; and SimĂłn BolĂ­var, El Libertador: Writings of SimĂłn BolĂ­var, trans. by Frederick H. Fornoff and ed. by David Bushnell (2003), a useful introduction to the man and his image. BolĂ­var’s widespread cultural influence is discussed in Christopher B. Conway, The Cult of Bolivar in Latin American Literature (2003).

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  • Hector Parra
    I live in Santiago de Chile, South America.
  • Rafael Urdaneta

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Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Modified link of Web site: Teach Democracy - Simon Boliver and Independence in South America (PDF). Oct 30, 2026
Anniversary information added. Jul 20, 2026
Add new Web site: HistoryNet - Glory Over the Mountains: SimĂłn BolĂ­var Liberates Venezuela. Mar 25, 2026
Anniversary information added. Dec 13, 2025
Add new Web site: Official Site of SimĂłn BolĂ­var Foundation. May 12, 2025
Add new Web site: BBC Audio - You're Dead To Me - Sim?n Bol?var. Mar 21, 2025
Add new Web site: Brigham Young University - Religious Studies Center - El Libertador. Feb 07, 2025
Questions and answers added. Feb 05, 2025
Add new Web site: HistoryNet - Glory Over the Mountains: SimĂłn BolĂ­var Liberates Venezuela. Oct 24, 2024
First paragraph modernization. Apr 18, 2024
Add new Web site: Ancient Origins - Simon Bolivar, The Liberator and Revolutionary Hero Who Freed South America. Oct 13, 2023
Links added. Jun 16, 2023
Add new Web site: History Today - Simon Bolivar and the Spanish Revolutions. Apr 29, 2023
Add new Web site: Teach Democracy - Simon Boliver and Independence in South America (PDF). Sep 04, 2022
Media added. Feb 03, 2021
Corrected display issue. Sep 05, 2019
Add new Web site: Facts about Famous People - Simon Bolivar Facts and Biography. Jan 30, 2019
Add new Web site: The My Hero Project - Biography of Simon Bolivar. Jan 30, 2019
Add new Web site: ThoughtCo. - Biography of Simon Bolivar. Apr 11, 2018
Add new Web site: NHD 100 Leaders in World History - Biography of Simïżœn Bolïżœvar. Mar 28, 2018
Corrected display issue. Jun 23, 2017
Added Simón Bolí–var: A Life by John Lynch to the bibliography. Jul 21, 2016
Article restructured. Feb 03, 2016
Add new Web site: Internet Archive - "The Four Seasons Of Manuela". Oct 08, 2015
Added cross-references and made minor revisions to text. Apr 20, 2015
Media added. Apr 20, 2015
Revised to identify BolĂ­var as "Venezuelan" and his birthplace as within (the captaincy general of) Venezuela. Nov 06, 2014
Add new Web site: Heritage History - Bolivar the Liberator, and the Conquest of New Granada. Jun 03, 2014
Add new Web site: Heritage History - Biography of Simon Bolivar. Oct 18, 2011
Add new Web site: Fact Monster - People - Biography of Simïżœn Bolïżœvar. Oct 18, 2011
Article revised and updated. Apr 04, 2006
Bibliography revised. Apr 04, 2006
Article revised. May 04, 1999
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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