Robert Smalls: References & Edit History
Additional Reading
Andrew Billingsley, Yearning to Breathe Free: Robert Smalls of South Carolina and His Families (2007); Okon Edet Uya, From Slavery to Public Service: Robert Smalls, 1839–1915 (1971); Edward A. Miller, Jr., Gullah Statesman: Robert Smalls from Slavery to Congress, 1839–1915 (1995, reissued 2008); Cate Lineberry, Be Free or Die: The Amazing Story of Robert Smalls’ Escape from Slavery to Union Hero (2017).
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
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J.E. Luebering
J.E. Luebering is Senior Vice President and Acting Editor in Chief at Encyclopaedia Britannica.
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The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.
Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors
Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modified link of Web site: BBC - History's Heroes - Robert Smalls: Last Chance for Freedom. | Sep 05, 2026 | ||
| Anniversary information added. | Apr 01, 2026 | ||
| Anniversary information added. | Feb 19, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: NPR Illinois - The story of Civil War hero Robert Smalls. | Dec 16, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College - Robert Smalls and the Steamship Planter: Turning the Tides for the Union Military in the Civil War (PDF). | Nov 06, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: BBC - History's Heroes - Robert Smalls: Last Chance for Freedom. | Jul 05, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: New York University School of Law - Robert Smalls. | May 27, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Picturing Black History - The Remarkable Life of Robert Smalls. | May 08, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: NPR - A Navy ship named for a Confederate victory now honors a Black Union hero. | Oct 11, 2024 | ||
| First paragraph modernization. | Apr 09, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: University of South Carolina - Robert Smalls. | Nov 24, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Essential Civil War Curriculum - Biography of Robert Smalls. | Sep 12, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: GovInfo - Biography of Robert Smalls. | Jul 20, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: American Battlefield Trust - Robert Smalls. | Feb 03, 2023 | ||
| Article revised. | Dec 28, 2022 | ||
| Article revised. | Nov 14, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: The Ohio State University - Origins - The Remarkable Life of Robert Smalls. | Sep 28, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: South Carolina Encyclopedia - Robert Smalls. | May 13, 2021 | ||
| Add new Web site: Knowitall.org - Robert Smalls, Part 1 | The Big Picture. | Jan 27, 2020 | ||
| Added cross-references. | Feb 16, 2017 | ||
| Add new Web site: BlackPast - Robert Smalls. | May 11, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: HistoryNet - The Unstoppable Mr. Smalls. | May 11, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: African American Registry - Biography of Robert Smalls. | May 11, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Voyage to Discovery - Biography of Robert Smalls. | May 11, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Park Service - Robert Smalls. | Jun 21, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: History, Art, and Archives - United States House of Representatives - Robert Smalls. | Jun 21, 2013 | ||
| Article revised. | Dec 17, 2004 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jan 12, 2000 |
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Article History
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