Richard Simmons

Richard Simmons (born July 12, 1948, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.—died July 13, 2024, Los Angeles, California) was an American aerobics instructor and fitness guru known for his Sweatin’ to the Oldies series of workout videos, which showcased his high energy and flamboyant personality and his trademark workout attire of striped dolphin shorts and bedazzled tank tops. He was also an author and an activist and had been the host of a television exercise program, a frequent guest on talk shows including Late Show with David Letterman, and a motivational speaker.

Early life

Simmons was the younger of two children born to Shirley Simmons (née Sadie Satinsky), a fan dancer and later a cosmetics saleswoman, and Leonard Simmons, an emcee and later a thrift store worker. The family lived in the French Quarter of New Orleans, and Simmons attended St. Louis Cathedral School, followed by Cor Jesu High School (now Brother Martin High School). During his school years, Simmons began going by the name Richard, inspired by the uncle for whom he had been named (Milton Richard Simmons, who went by the nickname Dick and would later help pay for his nephew’s college education).

Growing up, Simmons pitched in to help out his parents financially. At age eight he sold pralines (a confection made with sugar and pecans) to people on the street as they waited in line for a table at Antoine’s Restaurant and other famous dining places of the French Quarter. He later worked as a tour guide at the St. Louis Cathedral and the Musée Conti Wax Museum in New Orleans.

Discover the fascinating events that shaped the world, straight from our editors.

SIGN UP

By clicking “Sign Up”, you consent to the Britannica Privacy Policy and Terms of Use.

From a young age, Simmons was overweight, and he was frequently bullied by his schoolmates. In an interview with Oprah Winfrey after he had become successful, he described himself as a compulsive eater and joked that his first word as a child had been buffet. In 2008 he told National Public Radio, “I was 200 pounds in the eighth grade.…And when I graduated high school I was almost 300 pounds.…I was a very, sort of, unhappy, bewildered teenager who couldn’t figure out what I wanted in life and why I had such a strong relationship with food.”

Simmons attended the University of Southwestern Louisiana (now the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) for two years before transferring to Florida State University (FSU) in Tallahassee. Majoring in fine arts, he switched universities so that he could study in Florence through FSU’s exchange-student program. While in Florence, he was approached by the casting director for Federico Fellini’s film Fellini Satyricon (1969) and ended up with a bit part. That experience led to a small part in Fellini’s The Clowns (1970) and roles in several Italian television commercials. He also worked as a model in Italy, finding himself in demand because of his larger body size. But after receiving an anonymous note about his weight that had been left under the windshield wiper of his car, he went on a crash diet that caused him to lose a large amount of weight in a very short amount of time, resulting in his being hospitalized.

For the next few years he tried to keep his weight down by following many fad diets and engaging in dangerous bulimic practices such as making himself vomit after meals and eating laxatives. After becoming sick from or concerned by these practices, he would quit them and quickly move on to the next fad.

Fitness career

In 1973, after working as a waiter in New York City and then switching gears to try his hand at becoming a cosmetics representative, Simmons moved to Los Angeles. He found that there were many more exercise and diet fads on the West Coast, and among the ones he tried (and rejected) were yoga and Pilates. After enrolling in a class that combined music and dancing with high-energy exercises, he was hooked, having finally found a fun and healthy way to maintain his weight loss in Italy.

Explore Britannica Premium!

The trusted destination for professionals, college students, and lifelong learners.

SUBSCRIBE

However, he had difficulty finding a health club that welcomed people of all body types, ages, and genders, rather than just people who were already physically fit. He consulted with doctors and nutritionists and in 1974 opened his own exercise studio, originally called the Anatomy Asylum, later changed to Slimmons. Adjoining the studio was a salad bar called Ruffage. The studio was a success, spurred by Simmons’s energetic, motivating, and fun-filled exercise classes. In an interview with CNN in 2002, Simmons summed up the philosophy that made his classes stand out from the beginning, “Number one, like yourself. Number two, you have to eat healthy. And number three, you’ve got to squeeze your buns. That’s my formula.”

Simmons’s success attracted the attention of the television show Real People (1979–83), which featured his weight-loss journey and his mission to help others. His appearance on the show brought him new opportunities to spread his message.

In 1979 Simmons began playing himself in a recurring role on the soap opera General Hospital (1963– ). This stint lasted three years and led to other TV appearances and his own nationally syndicated talk show The Richard Simmons Show (1980–84), which focused on fitness and healthy eating. The show garnered four Daytime Emmy Awards, including one for outstanding talk or service series. A key factor of its success was that its exercise segments featured people of many different body types, to whom many viewers could relate.

Simmons wrote his first book in 1980, Richard Simmons’ Never-Say-Diet Book, which appeared on The New York Times bestseller list. He went on to write several more books, including three cookbooks and his autobiography, Still Hungry After All These Years (1999).

In 1988 Simmons introduced the home-fitness video Sweatin’ to the Oldies. Using a concept that featured hit songs from the 1950s and ’60s to accompany Simmons’s high-energy aerobic exercise routines, the video significantly increased his fan base. He released four more in the series and went on to make more than 65 fitness videos that sold more than 20 million copies. His popularity led to frequent guest appearances on late-night talk shows. However, after one incident in 2000 on David Letterman’s show, during which Letterman sprayed him with a fire extinguisher and caused Simmons to have a asthma attack, he did not return as a guest for six years.

Activism

In the early 21st century Simmons lent his support to bipartisan bills promoting physical education. He joined U.S. Representatives Ron Kind of Wisconsin and Zach Wamp of Tennessee to announce the Strengthening Physical Education Act of 2007, which was introduced to make physical education a part of the core curriculum for all public school students under the No Child Left Behind Act. In 2008 he testified before a congressional committee in support of the Fitness Integrated into Teaching Kids Act (also known as the FIT Kids Act), which aimed to improve and expand physical education programs in schools throughout the United States.

Controversies surrounding retirement

Simmons remained active teaching fitness classes and hosting motivational seminars at Slimmons until 2013. Yet, while his studio remained open through 2016, he had rarely been seen outside his home since 2014. Speculation and bizarre rumors about his supposed disappearance circulated for several years. In 2022 the documentary TMZ Investigates: What Really Happened to Richard Simmons claimed that his absence from the spotlight was related to lifelong knee problems, including a right-knee replacement that caused ongoing pain. The documentary also claimed that Simmons was unwilling to have his left knee replaced and walked with a cane. Wanting to be remembered as the vibrant, healthy person he had been when he was younger, he chose to fully retire from public appearances.

In August 2022 Simmons finally responded after years of speculation about his health by posting a message on his Facebook page in which he thanked fans for their kindness and love. Shortly after that post, his representative, Tom Estey, released a statement to the New York Post saying, “Richard is eternally grateful for the continuous outpouring of love and gratitude he has received from across the globe. He is happy, healthy, and living the life he has chosen to live.”

In early 2024 comedian Pauly Shore announced his intention to play Simmons in a biopic. Simmons released statements that revealed he did not approve of this idea and at one point joked that Tom Cruise should play him instead. Meanwhile, he continued to post messages to fans on social media, including one in March that said he had been treated for basal cell carcinoma. His last post on his Facebook page to his fans was “Hello gorgeous! Please don’t rain on my parade.”