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Richard von Hertwig (born September 23, 1850, Friedberg, Hessen—died October 3, 1937, Munich) was a German biologist particularly noted for the development of the germ-layer theory, which proposes that all organs and tissues are derived variously from three basic tissue layers, and for his contributions to the study of protozoans. Educated at the universities of Zürich, Jena, and Bonn, he became a lecturer in zoology at Jena (1875) and professor at the universities of Königsberg...