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Ranavalona I was a queen of the Merina people in Madagascar who reigned from 1828 to 1861. She reversed her predecessor Radama I's policies of Europeanization and expelled Christian missionaries and persecuted Malagasy converts. Despite attempts by the British and French to intervene, they were repulsed in 1845. By the end of her reign, Madagascar was largely isolated from European influence. Her rule was characterized by a strong assertion of Malagasy sovereignty against foreign powers.12

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