Ralph Howard Fowler

…Cambridge under the aegis of Ralph Fowler and a semester at the University of Rome working with Enrico Fermi.

In 1931 the British mathematician Ralph Howard Fowler extended the understanding of photoelectric emission by establishing the relationship between photoelectric current and temperature in metals. Further efforts showed that electromagnetic radiation could also emit electrons in insulators, which do not conduct electricity, and in semiconductors, a variety of insulators that…