Phillis Wheatley: References & Edit History
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Additional Reading
Among the books that examine Phillis Wheatley’s life and works are David Waldstreicher, The Odyssey of Phillis Wheatley: A Poet’s Journeys Through American Slavery and Independence (2023); Vincent Carretta, Phillis Wheatley: Biography of a Genius in Bondage (2011); G.J. Barker-Benfield, Phillis Wheatley Chooses Freedom: History, Poetry, and the Ideals of the American Revolution (2018); Henry Louis Gates, Jr., The Trials of Phillis Wheatley: America’s First Black Poet and Her Encounters with the Founding Fathers (2003); and John C. Shields, Phillis Wheatley and the Romantics (2010), and Phillis Wheatley’s Poetics of Liberation: Backgrounds and Contexts (2008). Honorée Fanonne Jeffers, The Age of Phillis (2020), combines archival research with original poetry.
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
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J.E. Luebering
J.E. Luebering is Senior Vice President and Acting Editor in Chief at Encyclopaedia Britannica.
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The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.
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Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Add new Web site: World History Encyclopedia - Phillis Wheatley. | Oct 10, 2026 | ||
| Anniversary information added. | Dec 01, 2025 | ||
| Rearranged media and added top questions. | Nov 20, 2025 | ||
| Media added. | Jun 09, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: BBC - Phillis Wheatley: The unsung Black poet who shaped the US. | Jan 20, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: American Battlefield Trust - Phillis Wheatley. | Nov 26, 2024 | ||
| Media added. | Sep 03, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Park Service - Phillis Wheatley. | Aug 09, 2024 | ||
| First paragraph modernization. | Apr 15, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Annenberg Learner - Phillis Wheatley (c. 1753-1784). | Mar 21, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Teach Democracy - The Life and Poetry of Phillis Wheatley. | Feb 07, 2024 | ||
| Additional Reading updated. | Dec 18, 2023 | ||
| Article revised. | Dec 29, 2022 | ||
| Media added. | Nov 22, 2022 | ||
| Article revised. | Nov 21, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: Massachusetts Historical Society - Phillis Wheatley. | May 23, 2022 | ||
| Media added. | Dec 16, 2016 | ||
| Add new Web site: The Famous People - Biography of Phillis Wheatley. | Jul 14, 2016 | ||
| Add new Web site: BlackPast - Biography of Phillis Wheatley. | May 23, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Social Studies for Kids - Biography of Phillis Wheatley. | May 23, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Pennsylvania Center for the Book - Biography of Phillis Wheatley. | May 23, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Women's History Museum - Biography of Phillis Wheatley. | May 23, 2014 | ||
| Changed "ouevre" to "oeuvre." | Dec 18, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: Poetry Foundation - Biography of Phillis Wheatley. | May 06, 2013 | ||
| Expanded discussion of her poems and revised throughout. | Aug 23, 2010 | ||
| Added new Web site: Library of Congress - A Voice of Her Own - Biography of Phillis Wheatley. | Oct 24, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: Public Broadcasting Service - Africans in America - Biography of Phillis Wheatley. | Sep 15, 2006 | ||
| Article revised. | Sep 06, 2002 | ||
| Article revised. | Feb 16, 2000 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | May 04, 1999 |