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Oswald Külpe (born August 3, 1862, Kandau, Courland, Russian Empire [now Kandava, Latvia]—died December 30, 1915, Munich, Germany) was a German psychologist and philosopher regarded as the guiding force behind the experimental study of thought processes identified with the Würzburg school of psychology. Külpe’s early academic interests vacillated between history and psychology. After completing a dissertation on feeling for Wilhelm Wundt, the founder of experimental psychology, at the University of Leipzig (1887), Külpe spent eight...