Muḥammad ʿAlī: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

Useful sources include Henry Dodwell, The Founder of Modern Egypt (1931, reprinted 1977), a comprehensive survey of the reign of Muḥammad ʿAlī; Fred Lawson, The Social Origins of Egyptian Expansionism During the Muhammad ‘Ali Period (1992), which explores his foreign policy and military campaigns; Khaled Fahmy, All the Pasha’s Men (1997), which explores Muḥammad ʿAlī’s armed forces and military policy; Afaf Lutfi al-Sayyid Marsot, Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali (1984), a study of Muḥammad ʿAlī’s domestic policies; and Helen Anne B. Rivlin, The Agricultural Policy of Muḥammad ʿAlī in Egypt (1961), with an extensive annotated bibliography.

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Helen Anne B. Rivlin
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

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Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Modified link of Web site: Al Jazeera - The Life Of Muhammad Ali 1942-2016. Sep 03, 2026
Anniversary information added. Jul 29, 2026
Anniversary information added. Jan 01, 2026
Add new Web site: Mohamed Ali Foundation - The Great Mohamed Ali Pasha (1769-1849). Oct 04, 2024
Add new Web site: Harvard University - Center for Middle Eastern Studies - Muhammad Ali: A View from the New World. Jul 17, 2024
Add new Web site: University of Sheffield - New Histories - Muhammad Ali Pasha � The Father of Modern Egypt. Jun 06, 2024
First paragraph modernization. Mar 28, 2024
Add new Web site: Al Jazeera - The Life Of Muhammad Ali 1942-2016. Dec 14, 2023
Added photograph. Mar 06, 2013
Add new Web site: LookLex Encyclopaedia - Biography of Muhammad Ali. Sep 22, 2010
Add new Web site: Tour Egypt - Muhammad Ali Pasha. Sep 22, 2010
Bibliography revised and updated. Jul 15, 2008
Article revised and updated. Jul 15, 2008
Article revised and updated. Jan 23, 2008
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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