- In full:
- Moise-Kapenda Tshombe
- Born:
- Nov. 10, 1919, Musumba, Belgian Congo [now Democratic Republic of the Congo]
- Died:
- June 29, 1969, Algiers, Algeria (aged 49)
Moise Tshombe
-
Who was Moise Tshombe?
Moise Tshombe (1919-1969) was a Congolese politician who served as president of the secessionist state of Katanga and premier of the united Congo Republic. Tshombe took advantage of an army mutiny to declare the secession of the mineral-rich Katanga province in July 1960. With support from Belgium and a white mercenary force, he maintained Katanga's independence for three years despite UN and Congolese efforts to end the secession.
In 1964, President Kasavubu recalled Tshombe from exile to serve as premier and quell a rebellion. However, he was dismissed in 1965 and returned to Spain. In 1967, Tshombe was kidnapped and taken to Algeria, where he remained under house arrest until his death from a heart attack.
2 Britannica SourcesCreated from Britannica articles using AI. AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles. -
What country in Africa was Moise Tshombe from?
Moise Tshombe was from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He was born in Musumba, in the Belgian Congo, which is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Tshombe took advantage of an armed mutiny to announce the secession of the mineral-rich Katanga province in July 1960. With support from Belgium and a white mercenary force, he maintained his independent Republic of Katanga for three years, despite efforts by the United Nations and Congolese forces to end the secession.
2 Britannica SourcesCreated from Britannica articles using AI. AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles. -
What important role did Moise Tshombe play in Congolese politics?
Moise Tshombe played a significant role in Congolese politics as the president of the secessionist state of Katanga and later as premier of the united Congo Republic. Tshombe took advantage of an armed mutiny to announce Katanga's secession in July 1960. With support from Belgium and a white mercenary force, he maintained Katanga's independence for three years, despite opposition from the United Nations and Congolese forces. In 1964, President Kasavubu recalled Tshombe from exile to serve as premier and quell a rebellion in the eastern Congo. However, he was dismissed in 1965 and eventually kidnapped and taken to Algeria, where he died while under house arrest.
1 Britannica SourceCreated from Britannica articles using AI. AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles. -
What was the province of Katanga, and why is it linked to Moise Tshombe?
Katanga was a mineral-rich province in the southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, known for its copper, cobalt, uranium, and other resources.
Moise Tshombe was the president of the secessionist African state of Katanga. In July 1960, he took advantage of an armed mutiny to announce Katanga's secession. With support from foreign mining interests, he maintained Katanga's independence for three years, despite opposition from the United Nations and Congolese forces.
2 Britannica SourcesCreated from Britannica articles using AI. AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles. -
What challenges did Tshombe face as a leader during the Congo Crisis?
Moise Tshombe, as leader during the Congo Crisis, faced numerous challenges. As president of the secessionist Katanga, he struggled against Congolese and United Nations forces who sought to end Katanga's secession. Tshombe's reliance on foreign support and white mercenaries led to accusations of being a pawn of foreign interests. Despite serving as premier of the united Congo Republic in 1964, he was dismissed in 1965. His political career was marked by controversy, exile, and eventual capture.
3 Britannica SourcesCreated from Britannica articles using AI. AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles. -
How did Moise Tshombe's actions impact the history and future of the Democratic Republic of the Congo?
Moise Tshombe's actions significantly impacted the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). As president of the secessionist Katanga, he announced its separation in July 1960, exploiting an armed mutiny. Tshombe, backed by Belgian support, maintained Katanga's independence for three years, defying the UN and Congolese forces.
His actions deepened internal divisions, and some accused him of being a pawn of foreign commercial interests. After a period of exile, Tshombe briefly served as premier of the united Congo Republic in 1964 before being dismissed in 1965. Mobutu Sese Seko then removed President Joseph Kasavubu and Prime Minister Moise Tshombe in a coup in 1965, assuming the presidency himself. Tshombe's legacy remains controversial in the DRC's history.
2 Britannica SourcesCreated from Britannica articles using AI. AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles.
Moise Tshombe (born Nov. 10, 1919, Musumba, Belgian Congo [now Democratic Republic of the Congo]—died June 29, 1969, Algiers, Algeria) was a politician, president of the secessionist African state of Katanga, and premier of the united Congo Republic (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) who took advantage of an armed mutiny to announce the secession of mineral-rich Katanga province in July 1960. With covert military and technical assistance from Belgium and the aid of a white mercenary force, Tshombe maintained his independent Republic of Katanga for three years in the face of combined United Nations and Congolese efforts to end the secession of the province. Often accused of being a pawn of foreign commercial interests, Tshombe was an adroit politician, who used his foreign supporters to help him achieve his personal ambitions in the Congo.
Tshombe came from a wealthy family and at his father’s death inherited sizable business holdings. After the businesses began to fail, however, Tshombe turned to politics. From 1951 to 1953 he was one of the few Congolese to serve on the Katanga Provincial Council. In 1959 he became president of Conakat (Confédération des Associations Tribales du Katanga), a political party that was supported by Tshombe’s ethnic group, the powerful Lunda, and by the Belgian mining monopoly Union Minière du Haut Katanga, which controlled the province’s rich copper mines. At a conference called by the Belgian government in 1960 to discuss independence for the Congo, Tshombe presented Conakat’s proposals for an independent Congo made up of a loose confederation of semiautonomous provinces. Tshombe’s proposals, as well as those of other federationists such as Joseph Kasavubu, were rejected in favour of Patrice Lumumba’s plan for a strongly centralized republic. Conakat won only 8 of 137 seats in the Congolese Parliament in the first national elections of May 1960, but Tshombe’s party and its allies won a majority in Katanga’s Provincial Assembly, and Tshombe became president of the province. Although he appeared to accept Lumumba’s national government, when the Force Publique (militia) mutinied two weeks after independence, Tshombe declared Katanga independent.
After the ouster of Congolese Premier Lumumba by President Kasavubu and the army in September 1960, Tshombe opened negotiations with Kasavubu toward a possible end to Katanga secession but later abandoned the talks. He may have been implicated in the subsequent death of Lumumba. Tshombe failed to win diplomatic recognition for his state, and after the United Nations intervened with force in Katanga in January 1963 and defeated his troops, Tshombe fled to Spain. Recalled from exile in 1964 by President Kasavubu to assume the post of premier to quell a rebellion in the eastern Congo, Tshombe was dismissed in 1965, ostensibly for using white mercenaries against the rebels, though it is also contended that he was attempting to oust Kasavubu. Tshombe returned to Spain. In 1967, when there were rumours that he planned to return to the Congo, Tshombe was kidnapped and taken to Algeria. Algerian officials refused the demands of Congolese President Joseph Mobutu (later Mobutu Sese Seko) for Tshombe’s extradition to stand trial for treason. Tshombe remained under house arrest near Algiers, where he died of a heart attack.
