Michael Ondaatje

Michael Ondaatje (born September 12, 1943, Colombo, Ceylon [now Sri Lanka]) is a Sri Lankan-born Canadian novelist and poet whose musical prose and poetry are created from a blend of myth, history, jazz, memoirs, and other forms.

Early life and education

Ondaatje is the youngest of four children born to Mervyn Ondaatje, the manager of a tea estate in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), and Doris Ondaatje (née Gratiaen). The family’s heritage is Tamil, Dutch, and Sinhalese, although Ondaatje told The Guardian in 2000, “My background is a real salad, so it’s difficult to know who I am.”

Ondaatje’s father drank heavily, and his parents separated when he was five years old. A year later his mother moved to England with two of his siblings; Ondaatje remained in Ceylon, not joining his mother until he was 11 years old. He immigrated to Montreal when he was 19 and received a B.A. in English from the University of Toronto in 1965 and an M.A. from Queen’s University in 1967.

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A Study of Poetry

Poetry collections

Ondaatje’s first book was a collection of poetry, The Dainty Monsters (1967), a series of lyrics that juxtapose everyday life with mythology. It was praised for its unique blend of primitive and domestic imagery. Ondaatje’s fascination with the lore of the American West led to one of his most celebrated works, the 1970 pastiche The Collected Works of Billy the Kid: Left-Handed Poems. Often called a parable of the artist as outlaw, the work contains poems, prose, photographs, interviews, and even comic books, which combined create a meditation on the nature of heroism and violence. It received the Governor General’s Literary Award for prose and poetry, the first of five Governor General’s Literary Awards won by Ondaatje. His collection Secular Love (1984) contains poetry about the breakup of his marriage. His other poetry collections include The Cinnamon Peeler (1989), Handwriting: Poems (1998), and A Year of Last Things (2024).

Prose works

Ondaatje’s prose works, better known than his poetry, include Coming Through Slaughter (1976), a novel about the descent into insanity of the New Orleans jazz musician Buddy Bolden; Running in the Family (1982), his memoirs about life in Ceylon; and In the Skin of a Lion (1987), a novel about the clash between rich and poor in early 20th-century Toronto.

Two characters from In the Skin of a Lion, Hana and Caravaggio, also appear in The English Patient (1992), which takes place in an Italian villa that is being used as a hospital during World War II. Noted for the richly described interior lives of its characters, The English Patient won a Governor General’s Literary Award for fiction and was cowinner of the Booker Prize in 1992—the first time in history that it was awarded to a Canadian writer. (In 2018 it was selected as the best work of fiction of the first five decades of the Booker Prize.) The novel was adapted into a film directed by Anthony Minghella in 1996; it won nine Academy Awards, including best picture.

His subsequent novels include Anil’s Ghost (2000), set in Sri Lanka amid the political violence of the 1980s and ’90s, and Divisadero (2007). The Cat’s Table (2011) chronicles a voyage from Ceylon to England in the 1950s from the perspective of an 11-year-old boy and his two comrades. Its title references the table farthest from the captain’s table on a cruise ship. In Warlight (2018) a teenage boy and his sister are left with two mysterious men when their parents move to Singapore after World War II.

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Ondaatje, who has written and directed short films, published The Conversations: Walter Murch and the Art of Editing Film (2002), a series of discussions with the Oscar-winning film and sound editor, whom Ondaatje met on the set of The English Patient.

Honors

In 1988 Ondaatje was made an Officer of the Order of Canada; in 2017 he was promoted to the rank of Companion. After winning the Booker Prize in 1992, Ondaatje used his prize money to found the Gratiaen Trust. Named for his mother, the trust was established to recognize and promote creative writing in English by Sri Lankan authors resident in the country. It annually awards the Gratiaen Prize, as well as the H.A.I. Goonetileke Prize for translation.

In 2016 a new species of spider discovered in Sri Lanka was named for Ondaatje. Called Brignolia ondaatjei, the species is a goblin spider of reddish brown color and about 2 mm (0.08 inch) long. Ondaatje quipped to Toronto Star in 2024, “That was very exciting. That’s my main achievement, I think, in my life so far.”