Michael D. Higgins

Michael D. Higgins (born April 18, 1941, Limerick, County Limerick, Ireland) is an Irish politician, human rights activist, university lecturer, and poet who served as president of Ireland from 2011 to 2025.

Early life and education

At age five Higgins was separated from his parents, whose struggle to make ends meet was partly the product of his father’s ill health. He was raised in modest means by relatives in County Clare and started his working life as a clerk in a bank. With a loan from a benefactor, he entered University College Galway (now National University of Ireland, Galway) at age 20 and continued his study with the benefit of scholarships. He served as president of the student council and became involved with the Fianna Fáil party. Under the influence of politician Noël Browne, he soon switched allegiance to socialism and the Labour Party. An unashamed intellectual, Higgins continued his studies at Indiana University and the University of Manchester.

Before beginning a career in politics, he lectured in sociology and political science at Galway and was a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University.

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Career in the Dáil and Seanad

Twice Higgins ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Dáil (the lower house of the Oireachtas [parliament]) before being appointed to the Seanad (upper house) by Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Liam Cosgrave in 1973. Higgins was then elected to represent Galway West in the Dáil (1981–82) and served another term in the Seanad (1983–87), representing the National University of Ireland, before becoming a fixture in the Dáil in the seat for Galway West (1987–2011). He also served two terms as the mayor of Galway (1982–83, 1991–92).

Early on he earned a reputation as a leftist firebrand who opposed participation in coalition government. His radical commitment to human rights and to peace and justice in places such as Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Cambodia, as well as his advocacy of progressive issues such as equal pay for women and the rights of people with disabilities, remained constant, but he mellowed over the years to accept coalition rule.

In 1993, in the Fianna Fáil–Labour coalition government led by Albert Reynolds, Higgins became the minister for arts, culture, and the Gaeltacht (the districts in which the Irish language and the traditional national culture are best preserved). In that capacity he championed the Irish film industry and was responsible for the creation of the first Irish-language television station, Teilifís na Gaeilge (TG4). A poet who published four books of poetry before his election as president, Higgins earned a reputation as an impassioned and eloquent orator in both Irish and English.

President of Ireland

By 2003, when he took over the leadership of the Labour Party, the diminutive Higgins had become something of a national icon, known to most people simply as “Michael D.” He sought Labour’s nomination for the presidency in 2004 unsuccessfully, but in 2011 he was elected the ninth president of Ireland with some 40 percent of the first-preference votes. In the process he bested heavily favoured independent Seán Gallagher, who stumbled badly in a televised debate just before the election, as well as Martin McGuinness, a former Irish Republican Army (IRA) leader who stepped down temporarily as the deputy first minister of Northern Ireland to run.

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As he entered office at age 70, knowing that he would be 77 at the end of his term, Higgins indicated that he would not seek reelection. However, saying that he felt healthier at 77 than he had at 70, Higgins changed his mind and ran for a second term in 2018. He undertook the race with the endorsement of not only Labour but also Fine Gael, Fianna Fáil, the Greens, and the Social Democrats. In addition to Higgins, the six-candidate field included Sinn Féin’s Liadh Ní Riada and independent Joan Freeman, who had been nominated to the Seanad Éireann (Senate of Ireland) in 2016 by Taoiseach Leo Varadkar. The candidate pool was rounded out by three millionaire businessmen—Seán Gallagher (the second-place finisher in the 2011 presidential contest), Peter Casey, and Gavin Duffy—all of whom had been panelists on the reality television show Dragons’ Den, on which aspiring entrepreneurs pitched their business plans to a group of capitalist moguls.

The largely mundane campaign heated up in its final weeks after Casey ridiculed the official recognition of Travellers as an ethnic minority in 2017. Tapping into a wellspring of antiestablishment disenchantment that seemed to mirror right-wing populist outrage elsewhere in the world, Casey vaulted from low single-digit support in late preference polling to a roughly 23 percent share of the vote in the actual election, in which he finished second. Nonetheless, Higgins won comfortably, capturing some 56 percent of the vote to finish far ahead of Casey, Gallagher (who came in third with about 6 percent of the vote), and Ní Riada (who also took about 6 percent of the vote but finished a disappointing fourth). Higgins, alluding to Casey’s divisive comments, said in his victory speech,

Words matter. Words can hurt. Words can heal. Words can empower. Words can divide.