Marcus Aurelius: References & Edit History
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Additional Reading
Ancient sources
“Marcus Aurelius Antoninus,” in The Scriptores Historiae Augustae, an English translation by David Magie and Ainsworth O’Brien-Moore of the 4th-century collection of imperial biographies, 3 vol. (1922–32); Book LXXI (fragmentary) of Dio Cassius, Dio’s Roman History, trans. by Earnest Cary and Herbert Baldwin Foster, 9 vol. (1914–27); The Correspondence of Marcus Cornelius Fronto with Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Lucius Verus, Antoninus Pius, and Various Friends, ed. and trans. by C.R. Haines, 2 vol. rev. ed. (1982, originally published 1919–20); vol. 1, the account of the martyrs of Lyon, of Eusebius, The Ecclesiastical History, 2 vol. (1926–32), trans. by Kirsopp Lake and J.E.L. Oulton; Marcus Aurelius, Emperor of Rome, Meditations, trans. by and introduction by Gregory Hays (2002).
Modern biographies
Anthony Birley, Marcus Aurelius, rev. ed. (1987, originally published 1966); A.S.L. Farquharson, Marcus Aurelius: His Life and His World, ed. by D.A. Rees (1951, reprinted 1975); Frank McLynn, Marcus Aurelius: A Life (2009).
Article Contributors
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Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modified link of Web site: Heritage History - Marcus of Rome: the Boy Magistrate. | Jul 23, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: History Today - Marcus Aurelius becomes Emperor of Rome. | Jun 08, 2026 | ||
| Anniversary information added. | Apr 22, 2026 | ||
| Anniversary information added. | Mar 13, 2026 | ||
| Article revised. | Mar 06, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Yale University Press - Who Was Marcus Aurelius? | Sep 23, 2025 | ||
| Questions and answers added. | Feb 20, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Academia - Emperors and Empire: Marcus Aurelius and Commodus (PDF). | Feb 11, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: BBC Sounds - Marcus Aurelius. | Dec 16, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: De Imperatoribus - An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors - Marcus Aurelius (A.D. 161-180). | Aug 20, 2024 | ||
| First paragraph modernization. | Mar 25, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Encyclopedia Romana - The Life of Marcus Aurelius. | Mar 04, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Ancient Origins - Marcus Aurelius: Life of the Famous Roman Emperor and Philosopher. | Dec 29, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: UNRV Roman History - Marcus Aurelius. | Oct 16, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Military Histroy Matters - Marcus Aurelius. | Jun 28, 2023 | ||
| Changed “Commodus” to “Lucius Aelius.” | Dec 10, 2021 | ||
| Add new Web site: Famous Philosophers - Biography of Marcus Aurelius. | Mar 28, 2021 | ||
| Bibliography revised and updated. | Dec 28, 2020 | ||
| Replaced photograph. | Mar 29, 2018 | ||
| Changed title of the "Assessment" section to "Legacy." | Nov 15, 2017 | ||
| Add new Web site: World History Encyclopedia - Marcus Aurelius. | Apr 29, 2015 | ||
| Bibliography revised and updated. | Feb 19, 2015 | ||
| Add new Web site: Heritage History - Marcus of Rome: the Boy Magistrate. | Apr 04, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: The European Graduate School - Biography of Marcus Aurelius. | Apr 04, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: The European Graduate School - Biography of Marcus Aurelius. | Mar 13, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Marcus Aurelius. | Jan 03, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Biography of Marcus Aurelius. | May 09, 2013 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Feb 14, 2011 | ||
| Media added. | Apr 14, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - History - Biography of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. | Nov 13, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: The Roman Empire - Marcus Aurelius. | Feb 04, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Crystal Links - Biography of Marcus Aurelius. | Feb 04, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. | Feb 04, 2008 | ||
| Media added. | Feb 09, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: Greek Philosophy Archive. | Jun 20, 2006 | ||
| Article revised. | May 29, 2002 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 20, 1998 |