Mao Chang

Mao Chang (flourished 145 bc, Zhao, China) was a Chinese scholar whose revision of and commentary on the great Confucian classic the Shijing (“Classic of Poetry”) became so famous that for the next 2,000 years this text was often referred to as the Mao shi (“Mao Poetry”). His work is still generally considered the authoritative version of the Shijing.

During the interregnum when China came under the rule of the Qin dynasty (221–206 bc), a massive burning of books took place in which most copies of the Confucian classics were destroyed. After the founding of the Han dynasty (206 bc–ad 220), an intensive campaign was undertaken to replace the classics; older scholars who had memorized these works in their entirety provided a chief source—and a reason—for the many conflicting versions of the different classics available. In the midst of this confusion, Mao Chang—who had supposedly received the Shijing from his instructor, Mao Heng—prepared an edition of the work that was so well researched and documented that it is generally considered the version originally handed down by Confucius. Mao Chang’s explanation of the meaning of the text also had great influence, helping to define the Confucian beliefs that underlay most subsequent Chinese dynasties for the next 2,000 years.