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Manuel Prado Ugarteche served as president of Peru for two terms: 1939–1945 and 1956–1962. During his first term, Peru cooperated with the United States during World War II, supplying Allies with petroleum, cotton, and minerals. Peru also settled a boundary dispute with Ecuador with U.S. support. In his second term, Prado appointed Pedro Beltrán as minister of the treasury, who implemented policies that led to economic growth, including the expansion of the fishing industry. Despite economic improvements, social pressures from landless Indigenous people and the urban proletariat persisted.1234

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