Kay-Qubād I

…I (1211–20) and ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Kay-Qubādh I (1220–37), the Anatolian Seljuqs achieved the zenith of their power. Ghiyās̄ al-Dīn Kay-Khusraw I reunified the Seljuq state and began to expand at the expense of what was left of the Byzantine Empire in the west and north. His most important achievements included…

ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Kay-Qubādh I built on the accomplishments of his father and brother. From 1221 to 1225 he conquered most of the Mediterranean littoral up to the frontiers of Syria. Following these victories, he launched an expeditionary force across the Black Sea against Crimea, parts of which…

…tomb of Sultan ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Kay-Qubād I, at whose invitation the Muslim Sufi (mystic) Rūmī settled in Konya and later founded the Mawlawiyyah (Mevleviye) order of mystics, known in the West as the “Whirling Dervishes.” The tekke (“monastery”) of Rūmī, comprising a number of buildings and his mausoleum, lies south…