Julius Langbehn

Julius Langbehn was a German political theorist whose ideas contributed to the intellectual origins of fascism. He was a proponent of racial nationalism and antisemitism, and his writings glorified the "survival of the fittest" while rejecting social equality. Langbehn also advocated for a spiritual politics, contrasting it with the perceived materialism of liberals and socialists. His views, shared by contemporaries like Paul Anton de Lagarde, were influential in late 19th-century Germany and later adopted by Hitler and the Nazi Party. Langbehn's ideology rejected democracy, socialism, and feminism, and he called for the extermination of Jews.1