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Joseph Aspdin, a British mason, is credited with inventing portland cement in 1824. He patented a process of burning and grinding a mixture of limestone and clay. Aspdin named his product "portland cement" because the hardened material resembled portland stone, a type of limestone used in building. This invention marked a significant advancement in cementing agents for concrete production. When mixed with water, portland cement undergoes a chemical reaction called hydration, causing it to harden and gain strength.12

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